大鼠烫伤愈合过程中对He－Ne激光反射规律的实验研究

本实验用Ｈｅ－Ｎｅ激光照射大鼠烫伤创面促进其愈合，同时测定了愈合过程中创面对Ｈｅ－Ｎｅ激光的反射率。结果表明：在整个愈合过程中其反射率呈现先迅速下降，而后缓慢上升的变化趋势。反射率变化的幅度与剂量无关而变化的平均速率与剂量有关。     

银辐射损伤的扰动角关联研究

采用时间微分扰动角关联方法研究了由~(109)Ag(α;2n)反应产生的反冲核~(111)In在银中产生的辐射损伤及其退火现象和治愈效应。反冲核在银中产生单空位,实验观察到频率为76.2MHz的恒定的四极相互作用;经673K退火,恒定的四极相互作用消失,作用在探针核上的只是远处缺陷产生的电场梯度分布;经873K退火,辐射损伤全部消失。银中辐射损伤与治愈时间关系测量表明,经360h治愈,探针核仍直接捕获缺陷,但相对成分减小到1/3.5;电场梯度分布宽度随治愈时间增长而减小,150h后,不随治愈时间而变。治愈主要发生在辐照后2—10d。     

6Gy全身辐射对大鼠伤口巨噬细胞功能的影响

以在鼠背部置入聚乙烯醇海绵的切口伤为模型，研究了６Ｇｙ全身辐射对伤口巨噬细胞功能的影响。结果表明在辐射后３、５、８ｄ的伤口不但巨噬细胞数量明显下降，而且巨噬细胞的吞噬功能，ＴＮＦα和ＩＬ－１的释放以及对伤口成纤维细胞增殖的调节能力都明显下降，说明了创伤愈合早期伤口巨细胞数量和功能的下降是辐射造成愈合延迟的重要原因。     

A paradigm shift: biomaterials that heal

Biomaterials based on synthetic polymers have been explored in medicine since early in the 20th century. The inert nature of polymeric materials and their many fabrication options suggested possibilities in medicine to surgeons having to deal with repair and replacement of diseased or injured organs and tissues. Now the biomaterials/medical device industry is estimated at US$ 150 billion worldwide and saves the lives of millions and improves the quality of life for millions more. In spite of the success of biomaterials and medical devices, there are issues with ‘biocompatible’ biomaterials that have an on impact medical practice and stimulate scientific questions. This perspective discusses the fact that although we have been reasonably successful with implants, there is much room for improvement. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry     

Autonomic Healing of Epoxy Vinyl Esters via Ring Opening Metathesis Polymerization

A materials system for autonomic healing of epoxy vinyl esters is demonstrated. The system is comprised of wax microspheres containing Grubbs' catalyst and microcapsules containing exo‐dicyclopentadiene (DCPD) embedded together in an epoxy vinyl ester matrix. Healing is triggered when damage in the form of a crack ruptures the microcapsules, causing DCPD to be released into the crack plane where it comes in contact and mixes with the catalyst microspheres initiating ring opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). The chemical compatibility of the catalyst with the matrix is investigated and wax protection of the catalyst via microspheres of a sufficient size (34–98 μm) is shown to provide a suitable barrier for protecting the catalyst from free radicals generated in situ during the curing of the epoxy vinyl ester resin. Wax protection of the catalyst also allows uninhibited curing of the matrix to proceed at room temperature. Concentration of self‐healing components is varied with a view towards optimization of the recovery of virgin mechanical properties. Efficient self‐healing is observed with microspheres that are smaller than those used in previous polymer matrices. Significant recovery of virgin mechanical properties is observed within 2.5 min of healing time at room temperature and the mechanical properties of healed samples after 24 h of healing time match those of existing ROMP‐based self‐healing systems.     

Plasma-enabled healing of graphene nano-platelets layer

Graphene platelet networks (GPNs) were deposited onto silicon substrates by means of anodic arc discharge ignited between two graphite electrodes.Substrate temperature and pressure of helium atmosphere were optimized for the production of the carbon nanomaterials.The samples were modified or destroyed with different methods to mimic typical environments responsible of severe surface degradation.The emulated conditions were performed by four surface treatments,namely thermal oxidation,substrate overheating,exposition to glow discharge,and metal coating due to arc plasma.In the next step,the samples were regenerated on the same substrates with identical deposition technique.Damaging and re-growth of GPN samples were systematically characterized by scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy.The full regeneration of the structural and morphological properties of the samples has proven that this healing method by arc plasma is adequate for restoring the functionality of2D nanostructures exposed to harsh environments.     

Blue Light Improves Photosynthetic Performance during Healing and Acclimatization of Grafted Watermelon Seedlings

To investigate the importance of light on healing and acclimatization, in the present study, grafted watermelon seedlings were exposed to darkness (D) or light, provided by blue (B), red (R), a mixture of R (68%) and B (RB), or white (W; 35% B, 49% intermediate spectra, 16% R) LEDs for 12 days. Survival ratio, root and shoot growth, soluble carbohydrate content, photosynthetic pigments content, and photosynthetic performance were evaluated. Seedling survival was not only strongly limited in D but the survived seedlings had an inferior shoot and root development, reduced chlorophyll content, and attenuated photosynthetic efficiency. RB-exposed seedlings had a less-developed root system. R-exposed seedlings showed leaf epinasty, and had the smallest leaf area, reduced chlorophyll content, and suppressed photosynthetic apparatus performance. The R-exposed seedlings contained the highest amount of soluble carbohydrate and together with D-exposed seedlings the lowest amount of chlorophyll in their scions. B-exposed seedlings showed the highest chlorophyll content and improved overall PSII photosynthetic functioning. W-exposed seedling had the largest leaf area, and closely resembled the photosynthetic properties of RB-exposed seedlings. We assume that, during healing of grafted seedlings monochromatic R light should be avoided. Instead, W and monochromatic B light may be willingly adopted due to their promoting effect on shoot, pigments content, and photosynthetic efficiency.     

Evaluation of horn bud wound healing following cautery disbudding of preweaned dairy calves treated with aluminum-based aerosol bandage

Pain management during and following disbudding procedures has been studied extensively, though few studies have evaluated wound healing following cautery disbudding in dairy calves. The purpose of this study was to observe wound healing following cautery disbudding with or without treatment using a topical aluminum-based aerosol bandage (ALU) in preweaned dairy calves. Dairy calves were disbudded within the first 3 wk of life using a standard cautery disbudding protocol. The ALU treatment was randomly allocated to the right or left horn bud within each animal. The outcomes measured were lesion score (LS) and wound diameter (WD). The LS was evaluated on a scale of 1 to 3, with LS = 1 representing normal healing without a scab or exudate, LS = 2 having the presence of a scab, and LS = 3 showing the presence of wound exudate. Lesion score and WD were evaluated on a weekly basis following dehorning for 3 wk. A total of 209 animals completed the study. No difference was observed in LS between groups during the first 2 wk postdisbudding, but the proportion of LS = 3 on wk 3 postdisbudding was greater for the control group when compared with ALU (17 vs. 8%, respectively). During wk 1 and 2 postdisbudding, the odds of having delayed healing, or a LS ≥2, were similar for both groups. However, the odds tended to be different at wk 3 postdisbudding with control disbudding sites being 1.42 times more likely to have delayed healing than ALU. In wk 3, WD was 1 mm smaller in the treatment group compared with the control, and treatment decreased diameter over time compared with controls. Overall, once abnormal wound healing was observed, the likelihood of having abnormal wound healing the following week was increased. However, treatment with ALU diminished this effect on delayed healing during the follow-up period. Based on these results, the use of ALU improved wound healing following cautery disbudding of preweaned dairy calves.     

Development and application of a novel approach to scoring ear tag wounds in dairy calves

Application of ear tags in cattle is a common husbandry practice for identification purposes. Although it is known that ear tag application causes damage, little is known about the duration and process of wound healing associated with this procedure. Our objective was to develop a detailed scoring system and use it to quantify wound healing in dairy calves with plastic identification tags. Calves (n = 33) were ear tagged at 2 d of age, and wound photos were taken weekly until 9 to 22 wk of age. This approach generated 10 to 22 observations per calf that were analyzed using a novel wound scoring system. We developed this system to score the presence or absence of external tissue types related to piercing trauma or mechanical irritation along the top of the tag (impressions, crust, and desquamation) and around the piercing (exudate, crust, tissue growth, and desquamation). Ears were scored as “piercing only” when tissue around the ear tag was intact. We found that impressions, crust, tissue growth, and desquamation were still seen in many calves by 12 wk of age. This suggests that extrinsic factors, such as mechanical disturbance and irritation, may have contributed to prolonged wound healing. Indeed, impressions along the top of tag, likely caused by rubbing against the ear, were observed for nearly the full duration of the study. Further research is warranted to understand ways to improve the ear-tagging process.     

纺织复合材料在石油工业上的应用

叙述纺织复合材料在石油工业上的应用进展,重点介绍了三方面内容:纺织复合材料对损坏油气井套管的内衬修复应用、智能自修复纺织复合材料在油田地面工程设施或海上平台上的应用、纺织复合材料在油田设备部件上的应用。