The development of fruit‐based functional foods targeting the health and wellness market: a review

Functional foods and their health benefits beyond individual nutrients present challenges to the traditional ‘nutrition’ approach to foods. Epidemiological studies suggest that regular or increased consumption of fruits may promote general health and well‐being as well as reduce the risk of chronic diseases. Therefore, a broad range of research amongst academic, industry and government institutes has been stimulated in attempts to add the goodness of fruits into popular consumer foods. This article provides a brief overview of the research opportunities in the emerging functional foods area, with an emphasis on fruit‐derived products. Based on recent research in the fruit‐based functional food area, a structured approach for designing and developing functional finished products is presented. Included are the technical challenges and their associated solutions during food design, formulation, processing and storage. A consumer‐oriented food product development process is highlighted. Controlling the interactions among the targeted bioactives and other food components during food processing, handling and storage is the key to ensure that a stable and appealing functional food is produced. Manipulating the beneficial synergies among food ingredients, and among food formulation and processing methods, has the potential to lead to substantial food innovations.     

HPLC指纹图谱用于参茸保健酒质量评价的研究

利用高效液相色谱(HPLC)建立了一种保健酒的指纹图谱,并通过相似度的对比对其质量稳定性进行鉴别.试验条件为反相C18柱、17%乙腈等度洗脱,以259 nm为检测波长.通过10个不同生产批次的样品色谱图建立了对照指纹图谱,并找到11个共有指纹峰.通过计算相似度,对不同生产批次的参茸保健酒进行了对比研究,结果表明,该法简便可靠,是一种对保健酒进行质量评价的好方法.     

发酵金樱子保健醋饮料的研究

以金樱子果为原料,经过酒精发酵和醋酸发酵生产保健醋饮料.运用正交实验确定醋酸发酵的工艺条件为:醋酸菌接种量为15%,初始酒精度7%,发酵温度33℃,发酵时间为5d.     

凤梨南瓜乳酸发酵保健饮料的研制

以凤梨、南瓜为主要原料，研制发酵型乳酸饮料，用正交试验确定其最佳工艺条件为：凤梨汁：南瓜汁=1：2．混合发酵剂用量为6％，发酵时间为24h。产品具有风味独特、酸甜适口、营养丰富的特性。     

柚皮的天然活性成分的研究进展

柚皮营养成分丰富,主要含有精油、黄酮类、柠檬苦素、果胶等多种生理活性物质,具有较高的药用价值。对柚皮中天然活性成分、柚皮中天然活性成分提取测定及柚皮生理功能等方面的研究作了归纳与论述,为柚皮在食品和医药上的进一步研究开发提供理论依据。     

大米饮料的稳定性研究

研究了11种不同稳定剂和乳化剂对大米饮料稳定性的影响,从中筛选出4种效果较好的稳定剂和乳化剂进行正交试验,以期提高大米饮料的稳定性。结果表明,添加0.60%果胶、0.165%黄原胶和0.60%单甘酯时,大米饮料的稳定性最好,沉淀率仅为0.87%,常温下放置3周没有出现分层现象。此外,黄原胶对大米饮料的稳定性已达到极显著水平(P0.01),果胶为显著水平(P0.05);乳化剂单甘酯和司盘40均为不显著(P0.05),但单甘酯对大米饮料的稳定性影响远大于司盘40。     

山药悬浮饮料的研制

以新鲜山药为原料,对果肉悬浮饮料的生产工艺及其产品的稳定性进行研究,并采用正交试验设计对悬浮饮料的调配进行优化。结果表明:山药5%、蔗糖12%、柠檬酸0.05%、悬浮剂0.2%,按此配比制得的山药悬浮饮料具有山药特有清香,果肉悬浮状态良好,酸甜适口,30 d无分层现象。     

Zero Risk Does Not Exist: Lessons Learned from Microbial Risk Assessment Related to Use of Water and Safety of Fresh Produce

Risk assessments related to use of water and safety of fresh produce originate from both water and food microbiology studies. Although the set‐up and methodology of risk assessment in these 2 disciplines may differ, analysis of the current literature reveals some common outcomes. Most of these studies from the water perspective focus on enteric virus risks, largely because of their anticipated high concentrations in untreated wastewater and their resistance to common wastewater treatments. Risk assessment studies from the food perspective, instead, focus mainly on bacterial pathogens such as Salmonella and pathogenic Escherichia coli. Few site‐specific data points were available for most of these microbial risk assessments, meaning that many assumptions were necessary, which are repeated in many studies. Specific parameters lacking hard data included rates of pathogen transfer from irrigation water to crops, pathogen penetration, and survival in or on food crops. Data on these factors have been investigated over the last decade and this should improve the reliability of future microbial risk estimates. However, the sheer number of different foodstuffs and pathogens, combined with water sources and irrigation practices, means that developing risk models that can span the breadth of fresh produce safety will be a considerable challenge. The new approach using microbial risk assessment is objective and evidence‐based and leads to more flexibility and enables more tailored risk management practices and guidelines. Drawbacks are, however, capacity and knowledge to perform the microbial risk assessment and the need for data and preferably data of the specific region.     

Diacetyl in Foods: A Review of Safety and Sensory Characteristics

Diacetyl, noted for its appealing butter‐like aroma, is present naturally in many foods, and humans have been exposed to it since the beginning of civilization. The advent of microwave (MW) cooking technology has led to the development of a significant market for MW popcorn, to which diacetyl and other flavoring compounds have been frequently added. Based upon reported associations between diacetyl inhalation and lung disease in employees of MW popcorn processing facilities, a very conservative safe level of occupational exposure to diacetyl has been proposed by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists. Yet there is conflicting evidence that diacetyl causes lung disease in workers, and no evidence to condemn diacetyl as the cause of lung problems in MW popcorn consumers. Consumer dietary exposure to diacetyl in foods is below levels of health concern while common airborne levels of diacetyl from MW popcorn are far below the conservatively established limit to protect workers.     

油莎豆非油制品加工研究进展

油莎豆又称虎坚果,莎草科莎草属植物,原产于非洲,作为一种集粮、油、牧、饲于一体的新兴农作物已被我国引进种植。油莎豆具有较高的经济价值和开发潜力,其块茎不仅营养丰富,还具有降血压、降血脂、降低胆固醇等医学保健功能。从油莎豆主粮制品、饮品、发酵制品和其他制品几个领域,阐述了油莎豆非油制品加工的最新研究进展,并对其未来发展前景进行展望,以期为油莎豆块茎以及其提油后副产物的开发利用提供参考。