饮料中日落黄含量测定的不确定度评定

目的对高效液相色谱法测定饮料中日落黄含量进行不确定度评定。方法分析日落黄含量测定过程中的样品称量等各种不确定因素,分析实验过程中各种不确定度的来源,计算合成不确定度和扩展不确定度。结果当日落黄含量为32 mg/kg时,其扩展不确定度为2.8 mg/kg(k=2)。由各不确定度分量的计算结果可知,日落黄标准溶液的配制过程对实验结果的不确定度影响最大。结论通过对测定过程的不确定度评定,可以把握不确定度的主要来源,为饮料中日落黄含量的测定提供理论依据,提高测定的精准度。     

Genetic variability in the humoral immune response to bovine herpesvirus-1 infection in dairy cattle and genetic correlations with performance traits

Bovine herpesvirus-1 (BoHV-1) is a viral pathogen of global significance that is known to instigate several diseases in cattle, the most notable of which include infectious bovine rhinotracheitis and bovine respiratory disease. The genetic variability in the humoral immune response to BoHV-1 has, to our knowledge, not ever been quantified. Therefore, the objectives of the present study were to estimate the genetic parameters for the humoral immune response to BoHV-1 in Irish female dairy cattle, as well as to investigate the genetic relationship between the humoral immune response to BoHV-1 with milk production performance, fertility performance, and animal mortality. Information on antibody response to BoHV-1 was available to the present study from 2 BoHV-1 sero-prevalence research studies conducted between the years 2010 to 2015, inclusive; after edits, BoHV-1 antibody test results were available on a total of 7,501 female cattle from 58 dairy herds. National records of milk production (i.e., 305-d milk yield, fat yield, protein yield, and somatic cell score; n = 1,211,905 milk-recorded cows), fertility performance (i.e., calving performance, pregnancy diagnosis, and insemination data; n = 2,365,657 cows) together with animal mortality data (i.e., birth, farm movement, death, slaughter, and export events; n = 12,853,257 animals) were also available. Animal linear mixed models were used to quantify variance components for BoHV-1 as well as to estimate genetic correlations among traits. The estimated genetic parameters for the humoral immune response to BoHV-1 in the present study (i.e., heritability range: 0.09 to 0.16) were similar to estimates previously reported for clinical signs of bovine respiratory disease in dairy and beef cattle (i.e., heritability range: 0.05 to 0.11). Results from the present study suggest that breeding for resistance to BoHV-1 infection could reduce the incidence of respiratory disease in cattle while having little or no effect on genetic selection for milk yield or milk constituents (i.e., genetic correlations ranged from ?0.13 to 0.17). Moreover, even though standard errors were large, results also suggest that breeding for resistance to BoHV-1 infection may indirectly improve fertility performance while also reducing the incidence of mortality in older animals (i.e., animals >182 d of age). Results can be used to inform breeding programs of potential genetic gains achievable for resistance to BoHV-1 infection in cattle.     

基于PHM的数字化生产线健康管理体系结构研究

针对数字化生产线的自动化控制与诊断要求,结合当前的智能制造背景,以数字化生产线设备群为研究对象,对设备群健康管理体系结构做出分析,并设计开发了基于PHM的数字化生产线健康管理系统。首先借鉴了OSA-CBM的PHM技术体系结构,提出数字化生产线设备群PHM体系结构,然后应用组态技术在结构上对设备群监测系统进行设计研究,实现对异步、异构数据的集成应用,最后重点分析了对故障进行诊断的综合诊断平台和健康管理平台     

基于压缩采样和模态分析的冲击载荷反演研究

近年来,许多学者针对大型飞行器结构的冲击载荷识别进行研究,以期提高这些结构的安全性、降低维护费用、延长使用寿命.在大型结构健康监测中,如何快速、准确地获得冲击力是一个值得深入研究的问题.提出了基于数据的模态分析方法,取代基于有限元分析的模态分析方法,解决传统载荷反演需要依赖结构力学模型的问题;并引入压缩采样理论,基于压缩采样理论提出了一种冲击载荷识别方法,其中包含了稀疏模型,即采样矩阵,还包含重构优化模型;该方法可以解决存储及传输的响应数据过于庞大的问题.最后,用一块大型航空铝板仿真实验来举例说明该冲击力识别方法,结果显示,该方法能够快速、准确地识别出作用在大型结构上的冲击力.     

大米饮料的稳定性研究

研究了11种不同稳定剂和乳化剂对大米饮料稳定性的影响,从中筛选出4种效果较好的稳定剂和乳化剂进行正交试验,以期提高大米饮料的稳定性。结果表明,添加0.60%果胶、0.165%黄原胶和0.60%单甘酯时,大米饮料的稳定性最好,沉淀率仅为0.87%,常温下放置3周没有出现分层现象。此外,黄原胶对大米饮料的稳定性已达到极显著水平(P0.01),果胶为显著水平(P0.05);乳化剂单甘酯和司盘40均为不显著(P0.05),但单甘酯对大米饮料的稳定性影响远大于司盘40。     

废啤酒醋酸饮料的营养价值及其生产工艺研究

以啤酒生产过程的废啤酒为原料生产啤酒醋酸饮料,所生产的啤酒醋酸饮料含有丰富的糖分、氨基酸、有机酸、维生素、醇类等物质。废啤酒煮沸和添加澄清剂后,需静置沉淀澄清,再进行醋酸发酵,提高发酵过程的非生物稳定性。正交试验确定了啤酒醋澄清的最佳工艺为:废啤酒于0.05 MPa下煮沸50 min,向发酵终止的发酵醪加入0.01%皂土,处理5 h,用硅藻土过滤机过滤,得澄清透明的成品。     

碱蓬植物盐提取工艺优化及其矿物质元素测定

目的 优化碱蓬植物盐提取工艺,测定碱蓬植物盐矿物质元素和重金属元素含量。方法 采用超声-微波协同提取法,以碱蓬植物盐得率为指标,通过单因素和响应面实验设计优化提取工艺参数。采用原子吸收光谱法和原子荧光光谱法测定碱蓬植物盐中元素含量。结果 优化的工艺参数为微波功率205 W、微波功率126 W、提取时间9 min、液料比82 mL:g,植物盐平均得率为31.50%±1.92%。不同生长阶段的碱蓬植物盐中,矿物质元素含量均呈现Na＞K＞Mg＞Ca＞Fe＞Cu＞Se的趋势,重金属元素Pb、Hg含量低于GB 2762-2021要求,未检测出As、Cd元素。结论 优化的工艺能够有效指导碱蓬植物盐的提取,碱蓬植物盐低钠高钾,富含多种营养元素,作为营养保健盐具有一定推广价值。     

Production and Characteristics of an Ancient Form of Sake Made with Shitogi

Efforts have been made to reproduce shitogi, a finely pounded rice powder and to make sake from shitogi of the type produced in ancient times in Japan. As the particle size of the shitogi became smaller, the rate of degradation of shitogi by glucoamylase increased. The pounding of shitogi enhanced the saccharification of starchy materials. The ancient Japanese alcoholic beverage known as shitogi sake was made with cooked rice, dry yeast and tap water, using mould‐infected shitogi as the saccharifying agent. It contained 10.7–14.3% ethanol (v/v) and had a fine aroma but a sour taste. We believe that we have reproduced the alcoholic beverage, shitogi sake which might have been one of original Japanese alcoholic beverages.     

Sociotechnical systems, risk management, and public health: comparing the North Battleford and Walkerton outbreaks

Accidents in different complex sociotechnical systems are rarely compared using the same theoretical framework for risk management. We conducted a comparative analysis of two Canadian public health disasters involving drinking water distribution systems, the North Battleford Cryptosporidium parvum outbreak in April 2001 and the Walkerton E. coli outbreak in May 2000. Both accidents resulted from a complex interaction between all levels of a complex sociotechnical system. However, the low-level physical and individual factors differed in the two cases, whereas, the high-level governmental and regulatory factors tended to be the same. These findings may have implications for the design of public policies to minimize risk in complex sociotechnical systems.     

饮料加工企业的微生物控制

分析了饮料加工企业微生物控制的重要性，污染微生物的主要种类及其主要污染途径，并简要介绍了控制微生物污染的主要方法，进一步介绍了饮料工业化学消毒剂的主要种类及其特点，并以二氧化氯消毒剂为例介绍了在饮料加工过程中的应用方法。