覆盖件成形缺陷的数值仿真实例分析

为研究汽车大型覆盖件成形规律,并分析其缺陷成因,介绍了板料成形动态显式有限元数值仿真技术的应用现状、基本理论及应用步骤.通过实例研究了采用有限无数值仿真技术进行覆盖件成形缺陷成因仿真分析的途径.仿真结果表明,采用数值仿真可以分析覆盖件变形规律,了解冲压过程中应力、应变分布及方向,成形极限图分布及缺陷情况,进而改进模具结构和冲压工艺,消除成形缺陷、提高产品质量.数值仿真技术是解决大型汽车覆盖件成形缺陷问题的有效工具.     

Experimental study on mercury content in flue gas of coal-fired units based on laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

Accurate measurement of trace heavy metal mercury(Hg) in flue gas of coal-fired units is great significance for ecological and environmental protection.Mixed gas was used to simulate the actual flue gas of a power plant in this study.A laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy(LIBS)system for Hg measurement in mixed gas was built to study the effect of mixed gas pressure,Hg concentration in mixed gas and delay time on Hg measurement.The experimental results show that the appropriate low mixed gas pressure can obtain high Hg signal intensity and signal to noise ratio.The Hg signal intensity and signal to noise ratio increased with the increase of Hg concentration in mixed gas.The Hg signal intensity and signal to noise ratio decreased with the increase in delay time.According to the above results,the optimized measurement conditions can be determined.Different Hg concentrations in mixed gas were quantitatively analyzed by the internal standard method and traditional calibration method respectively.The relative error of prediction of the test sample obtained by the internal standard method was within 11.11%.The relative error of prediction of the traditional calibration method was less than 14.54%.This proved that the internal standard method can improve the accuracy of quantitative analysis of Hg concentration in flue gas using LIBS.     

Metal‐containing Polymers via Electropolymerization

Electropolymerization represents a suitable and well‐established approach for the assembly of polymer structures, in particular with regard to the formation of thin, insoluble films. Utilization of monomers that are functionalized with metal complex units allows the combination of structural and functional benefits of polymers and metal moieties. Since a broad range of both electropolymerizable monomers and metal complexes are available, various structures and, thus, applications are possible. Recent developments in the field of synthesis and potential applications of metal‐functionalized polymers obtained via electropolymerization are presented, highlighting the significant advances in this field of research.     

Lithium Intercalation Compound Dramatically Influences the Electrochemical Properties of Exfoliated MoS2

MoS₂ and other transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have recently gained a renewed interest due to the interesting electronic, catalytic, and mechanical properties which they possess when down‐sized to single or few layer sheets. Exfoliation of the bulk multilayer structure can be achieved by a preliminary chemical Li intercalation followed by the exfoliation due to the reaction of Li with water. Organolithium compounds are generally adopted for the Li intercalation with n‐butyllithium (n‐Bu‐Li) being the most common. Here, the use of three different organolithium compounds are investigated and compared, i.e., methyllithium (Me‐Li), n‐butyllithium (n‐Bu‐Li) and tert‐butyllithium (t‐Bu‐Li), used for the exfoliation of bulk MoS₂. Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), Raman spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and cyclic voltammetry (CV) are adopted for a comprehensive characterization of all materials under investigation. In addition, catalytic properties towards the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and capacitive properties are also tested. Different organolithium compounds exhibit different extent of Li intercalation resulting in different degrees of exfoliation. The inherent electrochemical behavior of MoS₂ consisting of significant anodic and cathodic peaks as well as its capacitive behavior and catalytic properties towards hydrogen evolution reaction are strongly connected to the exfoliation compound used. This research significantly contributes to the development of large‐scale synthesis of electrocatalytic MoS₂‐based materials.     

重载包装木箱端板结构分析

比较重载包装木箱端板的原有设计与加入斜挡的改进设计的端板结构受力分析,通过计算,改进后的端板结构端梁抗弯强度提高12倍,端面角立柱的抗压强度提高3倍,有效提高了重载包装木箱承载能力.     

Increasing Heavy Metal Tolerance by the Exogenous Application of Organic Acids

Several metals belong to a group of non-biodegradable inorganic constituents that, at low concentrations, play fundamental roles as essential micronutrients for the growth and development of plants. However, in high concentrations they can have toxic and/or mutagenic effects, which can be counteracted by natural chemical compounds called chelators. Chelators have a diversity of chemical structures; many are organic acids, including carboxylic acids and cyclic phenolic acids. The exogenous application of such compounds is a non-genetic approach, which is proving to be a successful strategy to reduce damage caused by heavy metal toxicity. In this review, we will present the latest literature on the exogenous addition of both carboxylic acids, including the Kreb’s Cycle intermediates citric and malic acid, as well as oxalic acid, lipoic acid, and phenolic acids (gallic and caffeic acid). The use of two non-traditional organic acids, the phytohormones jasmonic and salicylic acids, is also discussed. We place particular emphasis on physiological and molecular responses, and their impact in increasing heavy metal tolerance, especially in crop species.     

稠油冷采用冻胶分散体调驱体系的相互作用机制

目的 旨在有效解决稠油化学冷采过程中降黏剂窜流现象严重、油藏动用效率低的问题,支撑稠油绿色高效开发。方法 基于稠油冷采降黏剂高效降黏洗油与冻胶分散体调剖剂储层调控的协同效应,采用复配方式构建了稠油冷采用冻胶分散体调驱体系,测试其基本性能,并使用界面扩张流变仪以及流变仪,考查了体系的界面流变特性和剪切应力特性。结果 体系由质量分数为0.06%～0.12%的冻胶分散体和质量分数为0.05%～0.15%的降黏剂组成,为粒径均一的低黏流体,能够降低界面张力并乳化稠油,降黏率达到95%以上。体系中降黏剂在油水界面的吸附行为决定了体系的乳化降黏能力,降黏剂通过吸附在冻胶分散体的表面提高了体系的聚结稳定性,并考查了组分含量及油藏条件对以上过程的影响。结论 构建了一种兼具储层调控和高效降黏能力稠油冷采用冻胶分散体调驱体系,探明了体系中各组分间的相互作用机制,为稠油化学冷采提供了技术支持。     

Distribution of heavy metals during pyrolysis of waste printed circuit boards

The volatilization behavior of Cu, Pb, Sn, Sb, Ni, Zn, Mn, Co, Cr, Cd during pyrolysis of waste printed circuit boards was investigated in a bench-scale fixed-bed pyrolysis system. It was found that volatility of heavy metals increases with operating temperature elevating, and bromine and vacuum have an obvious promoting effect on volatility of most of heavy metals. Over 99% weight of Cu and Ni are still remained in solid residue after pyrolysis, about 20% weight of Sb, Zn and Cd are transfered into liquid and gas during a pyrolysis process at 600 ℃, volatilization fractions of Pb, Sn, Mn, Co, Cr are less than 10% at the same conditions. The contents of heavy metals in liquid and gas products depend on not only volatility of metals, but also their initial contents in printed circuit boards, pyrolysis liquid and gas are primarily contaminated by Cu, Pb, Sn, Sb and Zn, their contents in liquid vary from 10^2 to 10^3 pg/mL, Mn, Co, Cr, Cd were detected only at very low level, less than 10 μg/mL.     

Cobalt Ferrite Magnetic Nanoparticles for Tracing Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Tissue: A Preliminary Study

Therapy with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is promising in many diseases. Evaluation of their efficacy depends on adequate follow-up of MSCs after transplantation. Several studies have shown that MSCs can be labeled and subsequently visualized with magnetic nanoparticles (NPs). We investigated the homing of MSCs labeled with magnetic cobalt ferrite NPs in experimentally induced acute kidney injury in mice. To explore the homing of MSCs after systemic infusion into mice, we developed a pre-infusion strategy for optimal tracing and identification of MSCs with polyacrylic acid-coated cobalt ferrite (CoFe₂O₄) NPs by light and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in various organs of mice with cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury and control mice. By correlative microscopy, we detected MSCs labeled with NPs in the lungs, spleen, kidney, and intestine of cisplatin-treated mice and in the lungs and spleen of control mice. Our results confirm that labeling MSCs with metal NPs did not affect the ultrastructure of MSCs and their ability to settle in various organs. This study demonstrates the usefulness of cobalt ferrite NPs in ex vivo visualization of MSCs and offers correlative microscopy as a useful method in routine histopathology laboratories for tracing MSCs in paraffin-embedded tissue.