葡萄籽提取物原花青素对肉兔抗氧化功能、脂质含量及血清代谢产物浓度的影响

研究葡萄籽提取物原花青素(grape seed proanthocyanidin extracts,GSPE)对肉兔抗氧化功能、脂质含量及血清代谢产物浓度的影响。采用单因子随机区组试验设计,选择128只60日龄、体重相近的健康新西兰兔,随机分为4组(1个对照组和3个试验组),每组32个重复,每个重复1只。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,3个试验组分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加100、200及400 mg/kg GSPE的试验饲粮。试验期为39 d,其中预试期为6 d,正试期为33 d。结果表明:随饲粮中GSPE添加量升高,试验兔背最长肌、肝脏及血清总抗氧化能力、总超氧化物歧化酶与谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性均显著(P0.05)或极显著(P0.01)升高,而丙二醛浓度极显著(P0.01)降低;对照组试验兔背最长肌粗脂肪含量极显著(P0.01)高于200 mg/kg组和400 mg/kg组,而肝脏粗脂肪含量、血清三酰甘油与总胆固醇浓度均显著(P0.05)或极显著(P0.01)高于其余3组;对照组试验兔血清葡萄糖与尿素氮浓度均显著(P0.05)或极显著(P0.01)高于其余3组,而尿酸浓度显著(P0.05)或极显著(P0.01)低于200 mg/kg组和400 mg/kg组。研究结果提示:饲粮添加GSPE,可增强肉兔机体抗氧化功能,改善脂质、糖和氮代谢,且作用效果随添加量升高而增强。     

中草药免疫增强剂对泌乳期奶山羊淋巴细胞凋亡的影响

通过AnnexinⅤ-FITC/PI双染流式细胞术测定奶山羊饲喂中草药免疫增强剂后,血液、脾脏和乳上淋巴结淋巴细胞凋亡率的变化情况。结果表明,中草药免疫增强剂能够抑制血液、脾脏和乳上淋巴结淋巴细胞的凋亡。     

分子蒸馏技术的特点及其在医药领域中的应用进展

本文阐述了分子蒸馏技术的基本原理和特点,比较了分子蒸馏和传统精馏的特点。介绍了近年来分子蒸馏技术在中药有效成分提取和西药成品绩及中间体分离纯化中的应用。     

利用植物提取物降低卷烟主流烟气中的自由基

本文采用自旋捕集技术和电子自旋共振波谱法(ESR)捕集并检测卷烟主流烟气中的气相自由基和粒相自由基,研究了不同植物提取物降低卷烟主流烟气中自由基的效果,结果表明葡萄籽提取物、碧罗芷、松树皮提取物和复合植物提取物清除自由基效果较好。本文讨论了复合植物提取物添加到烟丝中的添加量对粒相自由基清除效果的影响。将筛选的复合植物提取物负载在介孔固体上制成介孔复合体二元复合滤嘴,同时把复合植物提取物喷加到烟丝中并卷制成卷烟,检测结果表明烟气中气相自由基和粒相自由基分别降低了36.2%和29.1%。本文还讨论了降低自由基的可能机理。      

Effects of extracts of spices on rumen methanogenesis,enzyme activities and fermentation of feeds in vitro

BACKGROUND: An experiment was conducted to study the effects of boiling water, methanol and ethanol extracts (0, 0.25 and 0.50 mL) of seeds of Foeniculum vulgare (fennel), flower buds of Syzygium aromaticum (clove), bulbs of Allium sativum (garlic), bulbs of Allium cepa (onion) and roots of Zingiber officinalis (ginger) on rumen methanogenesis, fibrolytic enzyme activities and fermentation characteristics in vitro. RESULTS: Ethanol and methanol extracts of fennel, clove and garlic at 0.50 mL and clove at 0.25 mL inhibited (P < 0.05) methane production. Carboxymethylcellulase activity was reduced (P < 0.05) by ethanol and methanol extracts (0.50 mL) of fennel and clove (0.25 and 0.50 mL). The extracts of clove reduced (0.25 and 0.50 mL) xylanase and acetylesterase activities, and the fennel extract (0.50 mL) reduced (P < 0.05) xylanase activity. However, the extracts of garlic (0.50 mL) increased (P < 0.05) acetylesterase activity. Concentrations of volatile fatty acids were reduced (P < 0.05) by the extracts of garlic and onion. The extracts of garlic caused a decrease (P < 0.05) in acetate:propionate ratio (A:P) at 0.50 mL, whereas A:P was increased (P < 0.05) by the inclusion of 0.50 mL extracts of clove. Methanol and ethanol extracts of clove decreased (P < 0.05) in vitro organic matter degradability. Extracts (0.50 mL) of clove decreased (P < 0.05) the numbers of total protozoa, small entodiniomorphs and holotrichs, whereas extracts of onion, ginger and garlic enhanced (P < 0.05) protozoal numbers (both entodiniomorphs and holotrichs). CONCLUSION: Ethanol and methanol extracts of fennel and garlic have potential to inhibit rumen methanogenesis without adversely affecting rumen fermentation. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry     

Genetic diversity of Oenoccoccus oeni isolated from wines treated with phenolic extracts as antimicrobial agents

Molecular techniques have been applied to study the evolution of wine-associated lactic acid bacteria from red wines produced in the absence and presence of antimicrobial phenolic extracts, eucalyptus leaves and almond skins, and to genetically characterize representative Oenococcus oeni strains. Monitoring microbial populations by PCR-DGGE targeting the rpoB gene revealed that O. oeni was, as expected, the species responsible for malolactic fermentation (MLF). Representative strains from both extract-treated and not-treated wines were isolated and all were identified as O. oeni species, by 16S rRNA sequencing. Typing of isolated O. oeni strains based on the mutation of the rpoB gene suggested a more favorable adaptation of L strains (n = 63) than H strains (n = 3) to MLF. Moreover, PFGE analysis of the isolated O. oeni strains revealed 27 different genetic profiles, which indicates a rich biodiversity of indigenous O. oeni species in the winery. Finally, a higher number of genetic markers were shown in the genome of strains from control wines than strains from wines elaborated with phenolic extracts. These results provide a basis for further investigation of the molecular and evolutionary mechanisms leading to the prevalence of O. oeni in wines treated with polyphenols as inhibitor compounds.     

不同苹果多酚提取物清除*OH效果的研究

利用D-脱氧核糖法产生*OH,测定不同苹果提取物对*OH的清除作用.结果表明,在一定浓度范围内,苹果提取物A1、A2、A3均有很强的清除*OH的效果,且其最佳浓度范围为8～10mg/ml.此外,以原花青素为主要成分的苹果提取物及葡萄籽提取物清除*OH的效果远远高于茶多酚.     

红甜菜水提物及其色素体外抗氧化性能的研究

为探讨红甜菜水提物及其色素的体外抗氧化性能,研究了二者对·OH、DPPH·和O2-·体系的清除效果以及还原能力与抗脂质、抗油脂过氧化反应,并以VC作为对照。结果表明,红甜菜水提物及其色素对·OH、DPPH·和O2-·均有较强的清除能力,且与浓度呈量效关系,有一定的还原能力,对脂质和油脂过氧化抑制效果明显,且经纯化后得到的红甜菜色素抗氧化性增强。     

HPLC测定中草药育发类化妆品中非法添加的米诺地尔

目的建立检测中草药育发类化妆品中非法添加米诺地尔的方法。方法采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)梯度洗脱法。色谱柱:Shimadzu Shim-pack VP-ODS柱(150 mm×4.6 mm,4.6μm),柱温35℃。流动相A:甲醇,B:水,流速1.0mL/min,检测波长231 nm。结果 0.201~50.360μg/mL范围内,米诺地尔浓度与峰面积呈良好线性关系,r=0.9999;高、中、低3个水平平均回收率分别为101.7%(RSD=2.5%),96.9%(RSD=1.3%)和96.6%(RSD=1.3%)。结论该方法准确可靠,专属性强。