Effects of vacuum level and microwave power on rosemary volatile composition during vacuum-microwave drying

The influence of the vacuum level and the microwave power on aroma compounds and sensory quality of Rosmarinus officinalis dehydrated by vacuum-microwave (VM) method was evaluated. VM drying kinetics consisted of two periods: linear until a critical point and exponential beyond that point. The time needed to dry rosemary was shorter for high values of microwave power and vacuum intensity. Volatile compounds of rosemary samples were extracted by steam-hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC-MS. Thirty-one compounds were identified, with α-pinene, verbenone and 1,8-cineole being the major components; monoterpenoids were the predominant chemical family. The total quantity of volatiles of fresh rosemary (27.2 g kg⁻¹) decreased during drying, independently of treatments, to a mean of 14.8 g kg⁻¹. Soft conditions of VM drying (low vacuum level and microwave power) are recommended to get the highest concentrations of volatiles and the best sensory quality (e.g. 72-74 kPa and 360 W).     

Natural Products for Prevention and Treatment of Chemical‐Induced Liver Injuries

Chemicals (such as alcohol, drugs, and pollutants) may cause liver injuries, which could consequently develop into fatty liver, hepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and liver failure, or even cancers. Liver injuries have been a serious public health problem worldwide. Numerous natural products and their bioactive components have shown protective action for liver injuries, such as blueberry, cactus fruits, Pueraria lobate, betaine, and silymarin. The underlying mechanisms mainly include antioxidation, anti‐inflammation, anti‐apoptosis, anti‐necrosis, repairing damaged DNA, regulating the metabolism of lipids, and modulating primary bile acid biosynthesis. This review summarizes the natural products and bioactive compounds with protective effects on liver injuries caused by chemicals, and special attention is paid to the mechanisms of action. This updated information can be helpful to prevent and treat liver‐related diseases, especially chemical‐induced liver injuries.     

20种食用辛香料抗氧化性及其与黄酮和多酚的相关性研究

利用 DPPH 法测定20种食用辛香料的抗氧化活性,结果显示大部分食用辛香料具有一定的抗氧化活性,其中花椒抗氧化性最强,其次是丁香、桂皮、香叶、良姜。分别采用铝盐显色法和福林-酚法测定样品的总黄酮和总酚含量,并与抗氧化性做相关性分析,结果表明辛香料的抗氧化性与黄酮和多酚具有一定的相关性,其中与黄酮的相关性最大(R2=0.8111)。20 种辛香料中,花椒的抗氧化性最强,黄酮含量也最高,花椒黄酮有望被开发成为新的抗氧化原料。     

Perspectives on the 21st century development of functional foods: bridging Chinese medicated diet and functional foods

Functional foods, also known as nutraceuticals, medical foods or nutritional foods, are driving food markets around the world and are expected to be one of the emerging trends for the food industry in the new millennium. The concept of functional foods is rooted in a tradition, particularly in Asia, where people have always believed that a balanced diet and some herbal foods are therapeutic. However, while extensive studies in biochemistry and immunology, as well as clinical trials, have been conducted on selected functional foods or ingredients, the scientific features of most traditional herbals remain almost unknown. However, the fastest growing food market in the United States is that of herbal-based nutraceuticals such as ginseng, garlic and medical mushrooms. This review describes different aspects of functional foods and the Chinese medicated diet on the basis of current knowledge, discusses the building blocks for the science of functional foods and proposes a possible way to fuse a Chinese medicated diet into functional foods.     

绿豆蛋白质饮料工艺研究

以绿豆为主要原料,辅以荷叶、菊花、金银花等中草药研制保健饮料.通过正交实验确定绿豆蛋白的提取工艺和荷叶、菊花、金银花有效成分的提取工艺.结果表明,提取绿豆蛋白质的最佳工艺为绿豆蛋白提取液按照料液比1：8,浸提温度80℃,浸提液pH值为8,盐浓度0.3g/L;荷叶、菊花、金银花等采用水提法、二级浸提的方式,最优提取条件为料液比为1：15,荷叶与金银花的浸提温度80℃,浸提时间30min,菊花的浸提温度70℃,浸提时间20min,将浸提液调配获得绿豆蛋白质饮料.     

22种中草药提取物杀根结线虫活性

通过对南方根结线虫2龄幼虫的直接触杀试验,研究了22种中草药在采用不同提取溶剂和不同提取手段条件下所得提取物的杀根结线虫活性.结果表明:胡黄连、狗脊、木香、蛇床子、石榴皮、瞿麦、吴茱萸、甘草、花椒和艾蒿10种中草药提取物具有较强的杀根结线虫活性,并且胡黄连、木香、蛇床子和石楠在多种提取方式下均能提取出较强的杀线虫活性成分,其中胡黄连和狗脊的水煮提取物经过石油醚、乙酸乙酯和正丁醇依次萃取后,所得活性萃取物对南方根结线虫2龄幼虫72 h内的LC50值分别为81.44、67.37 mg/L.     

浅谈北药开发与林化厂的再发展

介绍了黑龙江省中药资源及开发现状 ,结合黑龙江省林化产品生产厂的现状 ,着重论述了北药开发与林化厂发展有机结合的优势     

Phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity are differentially affected by drying processes in celery,coriander and parsley leaves

Convective drying (CO) is the most common technique for drying herbs, although it may diminish phenolic compounds content. Microwave drying (MW) has been suggested as an alternative, although its effects on phenolic compounds remain to be explored. The aim of this study is to compare the effects of different convective temperatures (40, 80 and 120 °C) and microwave powers (100, 500 and 1000 W) on drying time, polyphenols classes (HPLC-DAD) and antioxidant capacity in celery, coriander and parsley leaves. Microwave procedure reduced drying time (MW: 3 h–7 min; CO: 25–1.5 h) resulting more effective than CO. Increasing temperatures led to an initial decrease in total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity followed by an increase, potentially by the release of bound phenolic acids. Regarding MW, the highest polyphenol content was generally observed at 500 W, probably due to the hydroxycinnamic acid's rise. Antioxidant capacity was similar at 500 and 1000 W. There was a good agreement between TPC and antioxidant capacity. Consequently, MW seems a good alternative to reduce drying time. However, the maintenance or improvement of phenolic activity depends on the food matrix. Indeed, the best drying system and conditions to preserve phenolic compounds were variable depending on the herb type: celery (CO at 40 °C), coriander (both CO at 40 °C and MW at 500 W) and parsley (MW at 100 W).     

Experimental and artificial intelligence for determination of stable criteria in cyclic voltammetric process of medicinal herbs for biofuel cells

This study proposed an expert system approach on the basis of artificial intelligence (AI) in the modeling of cyclic voltammogram (CV) profiles of green tea extracts. AI approach of artificial neural networks is applied to generate the model phase‐plane portraits of current output versus applied voltage through CV scan cycles. The predicted current values were validated using experiments, and generic ability of approach was examined by testing on the CV scan cycles generated from Syzygium aromaticum and Citrus reticulate. It was concluded that AI approach can be employed to reveal stable point (cycle and voltage) in CV profiles for bioenergy applications.