解表植物类中药中微量元素与功效关系

为了探讨微量元素含量与解表中药功效的相关关系，用因子分析和聚类分析方法对10味解表植物类中药中16种微量元素测定数据进行了多因素分析。结果表明：因子分析证实了一个4因子模型能合理解释这些微量元素间的相关关系，证实了微量元素是决定中药功效的主要因素之一；样本聚类分析证明了10味解表中药合理地聚类成不同两组；显示了10味解表中药的分类结果和以中药功效为依据的自然分类的良好一致性，正确判断率90％，证明了中药微量元素含量是决定中药功效的物质基础之一，揭示了微量元素含量和中药功效之间存在的相关性。     

长白山阔叶红松林早春植物群落特征研究

研究了长白山阔叶红松林内早春植物群落特征，为进一步深入研究其在森林生态系统中物质循环和能量流动等生态功能奠定基础。早春植物主要有12种2变种，隶属于8属4科。按Raunkiaer生活型分类标准统计，早春植物都属于地下芽植物。分别以相对多度、相对频度、相对显度和重要值为标准对各种早春植物进行排序，重要值排在前5位的植物分别是黑水银莲花、朝鲜银莲花、荷青花、五福花、大人字果。早春植物群落物种多样性的Shannon指数为2．5229，群落均匀度为0．9560，生态优势度为0．3212。     

Antioxidant activity of extracts obtained by different isolation procedures from some aromatic herbs grown in Lithuania

An increasing demand for natural additives has shifted the attention from synthetic to natural antioxidants. The present work examines the potential of some aromatic herbs grown in Lithuania as a source of natural antioxidants: marjoram (Majorana hortensis Moench), catnip (Nepeta cataria L), oregano (Origanum vulgare L), lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Mill), thyme (Thymus vulgaris L), hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis L), anise hyssop (Lophantus anisatus Benth), and sage (Salvia officinalis L). Dried herb samples were submitted to extraction with supercritical CO₂, acetone or methanol/water and hydrodistillation. Deodorised herb samples (after removal of essential oil) were also extracted with acetone. The antioxidant activity of these extracts, essential oils and dried deodorised aqueous extracts was assessed by the β-carotene bleaching test (diffusion and spectrophotometric methods). The highest yields of extracts were obtained using polar solvents. Thyme and sage acetone oleoresins showed high antioxidant activity in the tests performed and were regarded as the most promising sources. © 1998 SCI.     

几种中药提取物对酪氨酸酶活性的抑制

体外测定了几种中药提取物对酪氨酸酶活性的抑制作用,发现这些提取物均有抑制活性,其中甘草最强,其它为：川芎＞当归＞车前子＞茯苓。     

七种鞣质类中药提取物的抗菌作用

目的研究五倍子、石榴皮、虎杖、大黄、黄芩、生地榆、柯子等7种中药材提取物对从养殖病鳗中分离得到的12株常见病原菌的抑菌作用。方法采用索氏提取法和超声提取法,以水和乙醇为提取溶剂分别萃取7种中药的有效组分,采用平板稀释法对12种菌株开展药物敏感实验,测定各种中药提取物对12种致病菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(MBC)。结果 7种中药提取物对12种菌都有不同程度的抑制作用。对于五倍子、石榴皮、大黄、虎杖4种药,索氏提取效果比超声提取效果好;对于生地榆和柯子,超声提取效果比索氏提取效果好。超声醇提五倍子抑菌效果最好。结论 7种中药提取物单用对病原菌均有不同程度的抑制作用,不同乙醇体积分数,提取中药与溶剂的比例对抑菌效果影响显著。     

九种药用植物提取液对储粮害虫毒杀作用的研究

本文介绍了中国的丹皮(Paeonia suffrutiposa Andr.)、蛇床子(Cnidiummonnieri(L.)Cuss.)、花椒(Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim.)、姜黄(Cur-cuma longa auct.non L.),木香薷(Elsholtozia stauntonii Benth)、苦楝(Me-lia azedarach L.)、槟榔(Areca Catechu L.)、半夏(Pinellia ternata Breit)和乌梅(Prunus mume Sieb.et Zucc.)等九种药用植物,采用点滴法、喷雾法、拌粮法和熏蒸法,对玉米象(Sitophilus Zeamais Motschulshy)、谷蠹(Rhizopertha domin-ica(Fabricius))、杂拟谷盗(Tribolium confnsum Jacqnelin du Val)、赤拟谷盗(Tribolium castanneum Herbst)和绿豆象(Callosobruchus chinensis(L.))等虫种,进行了室内毒力测定和毒杀作用的研究。结果表明,苦楝油、木香薷挥发油和丹皮乙醚热提取物均具有较明显的接触致死效应;蛇床子95%乙醇热提取物也具有一定的接触致死作用。其中木香薷挥发油还具有较强的熏杀作用。苦楝油拌粉处理赤拟谷盗各个虫态,导致形态畸形;丹皮粗提物对谷蠹和赤拟谷盗等成虫亦具有相似作用。槟榔—正丁醇提取物对杂拟谷盗幼虫中肠淀粉酶的活性具有一定的抑制作用。     

Quantification of folpet and phthalimide in tea and herbal infusions by LC– high-resolution MS and GC–MS/MS

Two methods based on a modified QuEChERS sample preparation and either LC coupled to atmospheric pressure ionisation and high-resolution MS or GC coupled to electron ionisation and tripled quadrupole MS have been assessed for the quantification of folpet and phthalimide in tea and other dry herbal infusions. Both methods have been fully validated in green tea and further checked in black tea, verbena and rooibos, and they performed according to the SANTE/11813/2017 criteria at the target LOQ concentration level (50 µg/kg). These methods allow the accurate quantification of folpet in the selected matrices according to the new EU residue definition, which includes phthalimide. Phthalimide is the main metabolite and degradation product of folpet, although according to recent studies, it could be generated from different sources than folpet breakdown, such as food processing or analysis by GC.     

不同除草剂对紫花苜蓿生长和杂草防除的影响

选用6种除草剂在紫花苜蓿田进行杂草防除和安全性试验。结果表明,咪唑乙烟酸可用于苗后,剂量以1800mL/hm^2为宜;精喹禾灵、精氟吡禾灵相对安全,适宜剂量分别为225、450mL/hm^2;2,4-滴丁酯在苗前、精唑禾草灵在苗前或苗后使用对苜蓿均有危害;乙氧氟草醚对稗草防除效果很好,但对苜蓿出苗和生长危害严重,所以乙氧氟草醚适合用于苜蓿播种前施用,适宜剂量450mL/hm^2,待其失去药效,再进行苜蓿种植。     

Antibacterial and antioxidant effects of five spice and herb extracts as natural preservatives of raw pork

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to find natural spice and herb extracts with antibacterial and antioxidant capacities that could be potentially used as natural preservatives in raw pork. RESULTS: The inhibitory effects of cinnamon stick, oregano, clove, pomegranate peel and grape seed extracts on Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella enterica were evaluated in raw pork at room temperature (～20 °C). The influences of these extracts on lipid oxidation in the meat were also investigated. The pH, colour parameters and TBARS (thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances) values were tested periodically. The results showed that all five natural extracts, especially clove, were effective against the bacteria. During storage the colour parameters of the extract‐treated pork samples changed slightly, in comparison with significant changes in the control. Treatments with these extracts increased the stability of raw pork against lipid oxidation. Clove was the most effective for retarding lipid oxidation and presented the highest antioxidant activity in raw pork. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that the tested extracts, especially clove, have potential as natural preservatives to reduce numbers of pathogenic bacteria, colour degradation and lipid oxidation in raw pork. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry     

中草药复配组合处理后褐腐病菌的扫描和透射电镜观察

笔者对中草药处理后的褐腐病菌进行了扫描和透射电镜观察。结果发现,经11号中草药组合(鹿蹄草+厚朴+大黄)最小抑菌浓度(MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(MBC)处理的褐腐病菌菌丝数量减少,菌丝断裂,细胞壁变薄或缺失,胞内物质发生变化等,证实11号中草药组合可引起褐腐病菌明显的形态学改变。