大直径灌注桩施工质量缺陷及修补措施

在广西龙胜某综合楼的桩基施工中，由于操作不当，技术控制不严，造成个别大直径灌注桩出现塌孔、断桩和承载力偏低等问题．通过使用高压注浆技术，对这些桩进行了修补和加固补强．后经桩基低应变动力检测，单桩竖向承载力φ1000mm的桩可达4340kN，φ1200m的桩可达6330kN．     

小周期结构Helmholtz方程的多尺度计算

本文研究小周期结构Helmholtz方程的多尺度计算。我们用各向异性多尺度方法(HMM)求解小周期结构Helmholtz问题。借助于渐近分析技术,在对HMM方法深入分析的基础上,我们给出了精确与HMM方法近似解之间的误差估计,并讨论和分析了利用微结构信息校正HMM逼近解的技巧。最后,我们用数值例了验证了理论结果的正确性。     

Influence of aldehyde fixation on the morphology of endosomes and lysosomes: quantitative analysis and electron tomography

Cryoimmobilization is regarded as the most reliable method to preserve cellular ultrastructure for electron microscopic analysis, because it is both fast (milliseconds) and avoids the use of harmful chemicals on living cells. For immunolabelling studies samples have to be dehydrated by freeze‐substitution and embedded in a resin. Strangely, although most of the lipids are maintained, intracellular membranes such as endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi and mitochondrial membranes are often poorly contrasted and hardly visible. By contrast, Tokuyasu cryosectioning, based on chemical fixation with aldehydes is the best established and generally most efficient method for localization of proteins by immunogold labelling. Despite the invasive character of the aldehyde fixation, the Tokuyasu method yields a reasonably good ultrastructural preservation in combination with excellent membrane contrast. In some cases, however, dramatic differences in cellular ultrastructure, especially of membranous structures, could be revealed by comparison of the chemical with the cryofixation method. To make use of the advantages of the two different approaches a more general and quantitative knowledge of the influence of aldehyde fixation on ultrastructure is needed. Therefore, we have measured the size and shape of endosomes and lysosomes in high‐pressure frozen and aldehyde‐fixed cells and found that aldehyde fixation causes a significant deformation and reduction of endosomal volume without affecting the membrane length. There was no considerable influence on the lysosomes. Ultrastructural changes caused by aldehyde fixation are most dramatic for endosomes with tubular extensions, as could be visualized with electron tomography. The implications for the interpretation of immunogold localization studies on chemically fixed cells are discussed.     

原盐水力粉碎影响因素正交试验

以正交分析的方法研究了水射流粉碎原盐过程中各种因素对粉碎效果的影响，确定出粉碎过程的最佳工艺操作参数，为进一步研究高压水射流原盐粉碎技术奠定了基础。     

短纤维与球状颗粒双相夹杂增强陶瓷基复合材料有效力学性能分析的广义Mori-Tanaka法

结合Eshelby夹杂理论和Mori-Tanaka方法推导陶瓷基体中含两种以上不同形状和不同力学性质的夹杂情况下,复合材料的有效力学性能计算的广义Mori-Tanaka解析计算式,分析颗粒与短纤维夹杂对复合材料有效力学性能的影响,并用三维均质化法检验所得解析式的可靠性。结果表明,解析模型与均质化法得到的结果非常吻合,不同形状的夹杂对有效力学性能的影响很大,短纤维增强相能够有效改善复合材料沿短纤维方向的纵向有效力学性能,对提高多相混合增强陶瓷基复合材料的刚度和强度起主要作用;球状颗粒增强相能有效改善复合材料的横向有效力学性能,并保持复合材料强度的稳定性,不同形状的夹杂能够综合改善陶瓷基复合材料的力学性能。     

调质高炉渣均质化的可行性研究

 以实际生产高炉渣为原料,以铁尾矿为调质剂,采用测定熔渣黏度的方法确定调质高炉渣均质化过程,反映了铁尾矿的熔化、溶解和扩散的均匀化过程。并通过渣样中SiO2质量分数测定以及调质渣中矿相组成等方法验证了通过黏度测定调质高炉渣均质化的可行性。结果表明,同一酸度系数[Mk]下,调质高炉渣黏度随恒温时间的延长呈先下降后上升,最后趋于平稳的变化趋势;调质高炉渣均质化时间随铁尾矿添加量的增加而延长;当铁尾矿加入量大于15.88%时,调质高炉渣均质化时间显著延长;随着恒温时间进一步延长,试样上、中、下部SiO2质量分数趋于一致,而试样矿相组成与充分均质的调质矿渣一致,这说明通过黏度测定炉渣均质化的方法是可行的。中试试验证实,随着酸度系数的增加,纤维丝的直径增加,化学稳定性增强,纤维质量符合国家生产标准。     

自配消解液测定复杂水样COD方法改进

以回流法为基础自配消解液对复杂水样化学需氧量测定研究,对于含悬浮物较多复杂水样进行了预消解均化,通过增加硫酸汞与原水样的预反应环节,提高硫酸汞的利用效率,改进方法后达到了批量测定、取样均匀有代表性、测定结果与国标法一致的效果.     

大型焦炉能量流研究

研究了大型焦炉的能量流,重点分析大型焦炉的高效率能量转换、加热焦炉用煤气热能的节约、焦炉煤气由燃料化利用向资源化利用的提升、焦炉支出热的回收和高效利用;充分论述大型干熄焦装置宜采用高温高压锅炉。     

Finite heterogeneous element method using sliced microstructures for linear elastic analysis

A new finite heterogeneous element consisting of sliced microstructures (FHES) is applied in a multi?scale technique. The FHES represents a heterogeneous material with microscopic constituents without homogenization or microscopic finite element analysis. A representative volume element extracted from a heterogeneous structure is thinly sliced. Each slice is modeled as a combined spring to calculate properties of the FHES. Each FHES has the same number of nodes as an ordinary finite element, and the macroscopic analysis cost is the same as that for ordinary finite element analysis. However, the FHES retains information about the microscopic material layout (i.e., the distribution of a material's property) in itself that is lost during homogenization. In the proposed approach, materials are not homogenized. The FHES does not have a constant (homogenized) material property and can ‘change stiffness’ depending on its deformation behavior. This reduces error due to coarse?graining and allows us to calculate the macroscopic deformation behavior with sufficient accuracy even if a large gradient of strain is generated in the macroscopic field. The novelty of the research is the development of rational heterogeneous finite elements. The paper presents the theory behind the FHES and its practical application to a linear elastic problem. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

均匀化处理对新型Al-Zn-Mg-Cu铝合金组织及锻造性能的影响

采用扫描电镜观察(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、高温拉伸性能和高温冲击性能测试等方法,研究了不同均匀化处理工艺对一种采用常规半连续铸造方法生产的新型Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金组织和锻造性能的影响。结果表明:随均匀化温度的升高,合金铸锭中的枝晶组织及难溶非平衡共晶相逐渐溶入基体中;当均匀化温度低于450℃时,基体中仍残留部分枝晶组织,并且合金的工艺塑性偏低;当均匀化温度达到470℃时,枝晶组织充分回溶到基体中,使铸锭获得最优的工艺塑性。铸锭经470℃/36h均匀化处理后,通过工艺塑性实验确定合金在380~430℃之间具有良好的锻造性能。根据以上实验结果,确定该新型Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金的均匀化处理工艺为470℃/36h;锻造温度为380~430℃。