玉米-小麦混合粉面团流变学特性、面条品质及两者相关性

采用不同的配比将玉米粉与小麦粉混配,用混合粉制作面条,测定混合粉面团的流变学特性及面条的蒸煮与质构品质,并对面团流变学特性与面条品质进行相关性分析。结果表明:随着玉米粉配比的增加,混合粉面团的吸水率、稳定时间、评价值、拉伸能量、延伸度和最大拉伸阻力呈逐渐减少的趋势,形成时间也有所减小,而弱化度则有所增大,面条的蒸煮损失率呈上升趋势,而硬度、胶着性、咀嚼性和剪切力则逐渐减小。参考面条用小麦粉及挂面国家标准,同时考虑到玉米粉的利用率,得出玉米粉、小麦粉配比为15:85的混合粉适合制作面条。玉米-小麦混合粉面团的流变学特性与面条的蒸煮及质构品质高度相关,可作为预测玉米-小麦混合粉面条品质优劣的有效指标。     

Molecular Analysis of the Polymeric Glutenins with Gliadin‐Like Characteristics That Were Produced by Acid Dispersion of Wheat Gluten

We had earlier shown that the dispersion of wheat gluten in acetic acid solution conferred gliadin‐like characteristics to the polymeric glutenins. To elucidate the molecular behavior of its polymeric glutenins, the characteristics of gluten powder prepared from dispersions with various types of acid were investigated in this study. Mixograph measurements showed that the acid‐treated gluten powders, regardless of the type of acid, had dough properties markedly weakened in both resistance and elasticity properties, as though gliadin was supplemented. The polymeric glutenins extracted with 70% ethanol increased greatly in all acid‐treated gluten powders. Size exclusion HPLC and SDS‐PAGE indicated that the behavior of polymeric glutenins due to acid treatment was attributed to their subunit composition rich in high molecular weight glutenin subunit (HMW‐GS) and not their molecular size. The gluten prepared with the addition of NaCl in acid dispersion had properties similar to those of the control gluten. The results suggest that ionic repulsion induced by acid dispersion made the polymeric glutenins rich in HMW‐GS disaggregate, and therefore, act like gliadins.     

海藻酸钠对冷冻面团面包烘焙特性的影响

研究添加不同比例(0.1%、0.3%、0.5%和0.7%)海藻酸钠对冷冻面团面包烘焙特性的影响。结果表明,添加海藻酸钠能提高冷冻面团的持水率,减少冷冻面团醒发时间;增大面包的比容,降低面包的硬度和咀嚼性,提高弹性,改善冷冻面团面包的品质。感官评定显示,冻藏不同天数后,添加0.3%的海藻酸钠面包感官评分值最高。     

混合试验仪确定冷冻面团馒头复配添加剂最佳配方

利用混合试验仪研究硬酯酰乳酸钠（SSL）、黄原胶、抗坏血酸（VC）对冷冻面团特性的影响。通过单因素试验、正交试验确定了冷冻面团复配添加剂的最佳配方为SSL0.1%、VC0.010%和黄原胶0.3%。用不同复配添加剂配方制作冷冻面团馒头,利用感官品质评分、质构品质测定进行综合评价,最佳结果与Mixolab试验结果一致。     

干法糊化对燕麦粉面团应力松弛特性的影响

采用挤压、蒸汽、微波及烘烤4种干法处理燕麦籽粒或燕麦粉,测定不同处理及不同糊化度燕麦粉面团的应力松弛特性。结果表明:挤压、蒸汽、微波及烘烤处理的燕麦粉糊化度分别为77.8%、39.3%、17.8%及13.7%。相对于其他糊化方法,挤压处理组面团的松弛时间、阻尼系数、残余应力最大,分别为60.90 s、3.70×10~6N·m~(-2)·s、9.39×104N·m-2;糊化度与燕麦粉面团的松弛时间、阻尼系数、残余应力均显著正相关(R=0.97、0.99、0.99;P0.05)。干法糊化显著提高了燕麦粉面团的黏性和结合力。     

茶多酚对高筋粉面团流变特性的影响

为明确茶面制品中茶多酚对面团流变特性的影响,采用粉质仪、拉伸仪、面筋强度仪和流变仪对茶多酚和高筋小麦粉混合面团的流变特性进行研究。结果表明：高筋粉面团流变特性各指标的变化与茶多酚添加量相关,当茶多酚添加量为0.5%时,能显著延长高筋粉面团的形成时间、稳定时间,提高拉伸阻力、拉伸比例、剪切回复角和黏性、弹性模量;茶多酚添加量增大至1.0%时,面团的形成时间缩短,剪切回复角、黏弹模量等部分指标开始下降;茶多酚添加量增大至2.0%、3.0%时,几乎所有指标相较于0.5%茶多酚添加量时都有所降低,推测这主要是由茶多酚的还原性和茶多酚-面筋蛋白复合体的形成所致。     

葡萄糖氧化酶对小麦粉品质的影响研究

应用快速黏度分析仪(RVA)、动态流变仪、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及液相色谱(LC)研究了葡萄糖氧化酶(GOD)对小麦粉糊化特性、动态流变学性质、面团微结构及面筋中氨基酸的影响.研究表明:添加25、50和75 mg/kg葡萄糖氧化酶的面糊的峰值黏度和最终黏度降低,衰减值增大.添加葡萄糖氧化酶的面团弹性模量(G′)和黏性模量(G″)增加.在给定频率下,面团弹性模量大于黏性模量;添加葡萄糖氧化酶面团面筋网络结构增强,淀粉颗粒镶嵌于面筋网络;面筋蛋白质氨基酸含量发生变化.     

发芽对小麦粉营养品质及面团特性影响的研究进展

发芽能够提高小麦的营养价值,使γ-氨基丁酸、多酚类物质、以及阿拉伯木聚糖等生理活性成分含量增加,同时也会对小麦粉的加工特性产生影响.本文综述了发芽对小麦粉主要营养成分、面团流变特性、发酵特性以及面制品品质的影响.比较了发芽前后蛋白质、淀粉及膳食纤维、多酚、维生素和矿物质等营养组分的变化,分析了发芽使面团流变特性变差、发...