酶法猪油改性制人乳脂替代品的研究

人乳是人类提供给婴儿的最佳食品，其脂肪具有独特的结构，棕榈酸主要分布在Sn-2位，猪油的Sn-2位与其相似的结构。采用具有Sn-1,3催化专一性的Lipozyme IM作催化剂，游离脂肪酸作酰基供体进行酯交换改性猪油来制备人乳脂替代品。采用响应面法设计优化实验。其最优条件为：水分含量3.7%(以酶量计）；反应温度61℃，底物比：脂肪酸：猪油2.4:1（摩尔比）；酶量10%（以底物质量计），反应时间1h。     

有机相对人牙釉质力学性能影响的有限元分析

人牙釉质是最硬的人体组织,对咀嚼磨耗有较大的抵抗力,其由羟基磷灰石晶体和有机物相间排列而成,显微组织结构与纤维增强材料类似。采用有限元方法分别建立原始牙釉质和去除有机相牙釉质2种模型,研究牙釉质中的有机相对其力学性能的影响。研究结果表明,牙釉质具有各向异性的力学性能,随着偏离羟基磷灰石晶体C轴方向的角度增加,釉质的压缩弹性模量和压缩屈服应力降低,在45°方向达到最小值;牙釉质中的有机相会显著影响其力学性能,当有机相被去除后,牙釉质的压缩弹性模量、剪切弹性模量和剪切屈服应力均降低,压缩屈服应力无显著变化。研究结果有助于揭示牙釉质化学组成和微观结构对其力学性能的影响,为牙科修复材料的仿生设计提供理论依据。     

基于TTS语音模块的人体感知电子解说系统设计

介绍一种基于单片机和科大讯飞TTS语音模块的人体感知电子解说系统,可用于旅游景点或相关展品的智能解说。利用热释电红外传感器获取人体接近信息,配合TTS语音模块完成对相关景点或展品的自动解说与信息播报功能。文中给出了系统的详细硬件设计方案及主要软件流程图。经测试,该系统稳定地实现了当人体接近特定地点时的语音信息自动播报功能,可给同类装置的设计及应用提供借鉴。     

母乳中长链甘油三酯研究进展

母乳中甘油三酯的结构对于婴幼儿的脂肪消化吸收具有重要影响。作者所在团队前期研究结果显示,母乳脂肪天然富含中长链甘油三酯（MLCT）,是母乳中含量最丰富的一类甘油三酯,其质量约占总甘油三酯的30%,主要结构是一个中链脂肪酸和两个长链脂肪酸构成的单中链型甘油三酯（MLL）。母乳中几乎不含中链甘油三酯（MCT）。作者综述了母乳脂肪中MLCT的含量、组成、影响因素以及母乳与婴幼儿配方奶粉中甘油三酯的差异,总结了MLCT的消化特性,以及MLCT型母乳替代脂的研究进展,为新型配方奶粉脂肪的开发提供理论依据。     

水产品中人鱼共患细菌性病原分子生物学检测方法研究进展

水产行业是国民经济重要产业之一, 水产养殖过程中病原微生物造成鱼类病害频发, 人鱼共患病原菌会对人类健康构成威胁, 水产品安全问题日益突出。人鱼共患病原菌检测方法对于病害的发现、预防及水产行业的健康可持续发展具有重要意义。人鱼共患病原菌包括人鱼共患细菌性病原和人鱼共患寄生虫病原等。本文对水产品中常见的人鱼共患细菌性病原的种类及其危害性、细菌性病原分子生物学检测方法的原理和应用及成簇的规律间隔的短回文重复序列(clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats, CRISPR)基因编辑技术在病原菌检测方面的最新研究进展进行了综述, 为研发易携带且简便快速的新型核酸检测方法及产品及水产品中人鱼共患病原菌的检测和防治提供参考和借鉴。     

奋乃静在人胆汁中的代谢物分析

建立了超高效液相色谱 四极杆串联飞行时间质谱（UPLC/Q-TOF MS）检测并表征奋乃静在人胆汁中代谢物的方法。T管收集一名精神病患者服用奋乃静后的胆汁样品,经乙腈沉淀蛋白预处理后,采用UPLC/Q-TOF MS进行分析。根据高分辨质谱给出的准确分子质量信息推测可能的分子式,结合MS E功能采集的前体离子和产物离子信息,利用质量缺损过滤（MDF）和generic dealkylation等代谢物鉴定软件筛选代谢物。通过对比原形药物和代谢物的质谱裂解途径,推测可能的代谢物结构。在服药（4 mg,b.i.d）后的人胆汁中,共检测到29种奋乃静代谢物,包括I相代谢物16种,II相代谢物13种,其中16种为首次报道的新颖代谢物。奋乃静在人体内的主要代谢途径包括羟基化、脱氢、N-去烷基化、甲基化、硫酸及葡萄糖醛酸结合等,该结果进一步完善了奋乃静在人体内的代谢途径。     

发酵时间对水豆豉理化特性和对MCF-7人乳腺癌细胞体外抗癌作用的影响

水豆豉是一种短时间发酵的黄豆制品,采用理化试验和癌细胞体外试验,通过p H、酸度、总菌数、氨基酸态氮含量、铵态氮含量、γ-谷氨酰转肽酶(γ-GTP)活性、感官评价、MTT试验和RT-PCR,评价不同发酵时间水豆豉的理化特性和体外抑制作用。随着发酵时间的增加,p H值和总菌数增加,发酵48 h水豆豉的蛋白质含量、酸度、γ-GTP和活性大豆异黄酮(大豆黄素和金雀异黄素)含量都比其他发酵时间水豆豉高,在感官评价上48 h发酵的水豆豉也优于其他发酵时间的水豆豉。48 h发酵的水豆豉也具有对MCF-7人乳腺癌细胞最强的生长抑制作用,且48 h发酵水豆豉处理后的MCF-7细胞的Bax,caspase 3,9基因的表达强于其他发酵时间的水豆豉,Bcl-2基因则弱于其他发酵时间的水豆豉。结果显示48 h发酵的水豆豉具有最好的理化品质和体外抗癌效果。研究结果为改善水豆豉生产工艺提供理论支持。     

车辆人机界面设计中的人体因素研究

传统的车辆人机工程学设计,集中在控制平台的布置、结构和功能等方面,缺乏对操纵者的人体因素分析,设计结果适应性不强。通过对操纵者的人体因素的构成、作用和关联等信息进行分析,明确了人体因素对车辆控制的影响,在CSP约束模型的基础上,提出模糊设计算法,有效简化人机接口设计的复杂程度,提高了设计的普适性。     

Fabrication,characterization and evaluation of the effect of PLGA and PLGA–PEG biomaterials on the proliferation and neurogenesis potential of human neural SH-SY5Y cells

In recent years with regard to the development of nanotechnology and neural stem cell discovery, the combinatorial therapeutic strategies of neural progenitor cells and appropriate biomaterials have raised the hope for brain regeneration following neurological disorders. This study aimed to explore the proliferation and neurogenic effect of PLGA and PLGA–PEG nanofibers on human SH-SY5Y cells in in vitro condition. Nanofibers of PLGA and PLGA–PEG biomaterials were synthesized and fabricated using electrospinning method. Physicochemical features were examined using HNMR, FT-IR, and water contact angle assays. Ultrastructural morphology, the orientation of nanofibers, cell distribution and attachment were visualized by SEM imaging. Cell survival and proliferation rate were measured. Differentiation capacity was monitored by immunofluorescence staining of Map-2. HNMR, FT-IR assays confirmed the integration of PEG to PLGA backbone. Water contact angel assay showed increasing surface hydrophilicity in PLGA–PEG biomaterial compared to the PLGA substrate. SEM analysis revealed the reduction of PLGA–PEG nanofibers' diameter compared to the PLGA group. Cell attachment was observed in both groups while PLGA–PEG had a superior effect in the promotion of survival rate compared to other groups (p < .05). Compared to the PLGA group, PLGA–PEG increased the number of Ki67⁺ cells (p < .01). PLGA–PEG biomaterial induced neural maturation by increasing protein Map-2 compared to the PLGA scaffold in a three-dimensional culture system. According to our data, structural modification of PLGA with PEG could enhance orientated differentiation and the dynamic growth of neural cells.     

Machine learning for post-traumatic stress disorder identification utilizing resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging

Early detection of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is essential for proper treatment of the patients to recover from this disorder. The aligned purpose of this study was to investigate the performance deviations in regions of interest (ROI) of PTSD than the healthy brain regions, to assess interregional functional connectivity and applications of machine learning techniques to identify PTSD and healthy control using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). The rs-fMRI data of 10 ROI was extracted from 14 approved PTSD subjects and 14 healthy controls. The rs-fMRI data of the selected ROI were used in ANOVA to measure performance level and Pearson's correlation to investigate the interregional functional connectivity in PTSD brains. In machine learning approaches, the logistic regression, K-nearest neighbor (KNN), support vector machine (SVM) with linear, radial basis function, and polynomial kernels were used to classify the PTSD and control subjects. The performance level in brain regions of PTSD deviated as compared to the regions in the healthy brain. In addition, significant positive or negative functional connectivity was observed among ROI in PTSD brains. The rs-fMRI data have been distributed in training, validation, and testing group for maturity, implementation of machine learning techniques. The KNN and SVM with radial basis function kernel were outperformed for classification among other methods with high accuracies (96.6%, 94.8%, 98.5%) and (93.7%, 95.2%, 99.2%) to train, validate, and test datasets, respectively. The study's findings may provide a guideline to observe performance and functional connectivity of the brain regions in PTSD and to discriminate PTSD subject using only the suggested algorithms.