The Attenuated Secretion of Hyaluronan by UVA-Exposed Human Fibroblasts Is Associated with Up- and Downregulation of HYBID and HAS2 Expression via Activated and Inactivated Signaling of the p38/ATF2 and JAK2/STAT3 Cascades

Little is known about the effects on hyaluronan (HA) metabolism of UVA radiation. This study demonstrates that the secretion of HA by human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) is downregulated by UVA, accompanied by the down- and upregulation of mRNA and protein levels of the HA-synthesizing enzyme (HAS2) and the HA-degrading protein, HYaluronan Binding protein Involved in HA Depolymerization(HYBID), respectively. Signaling analysis revealed that the exposure distinctly elicits activation of the p38/MSK1/CREB/c-Fos/AP-1 axis, the JNK/c-Jun axis, and the p38/ATF-2 axis, but downregulates the phosphorylation of NF-kB and JAK/STAT3. A signal inhibition study demonstrated that the inhibition of p38 significantly abrogates the UVA-accentuated mRNA level of HYBID. Furthermore, the inhibition of STAT3 significantly downregulates the level of HAS2 mRNA in non-UVA exposed HDFs. Analysis using siRNAs demonstrated that transfection of ATF-2 siRNA but not c-Fos siRNA abrogates the increased protein level of HYBID in UVA-exposed HDFs. An inhibitor of protein tyrosine phosphatase but not of protein serine/threonine phosphatase restored the diminished phosphorylation level of STAT3 at Tyr 705, accompanied by a significant abolishing effect on the decreased mRNA expression level of HAS2. Silencing with a protein tyrosine phosphatase PTP-Meg2 siRNA revealed that it abrogates the decreased phosphorylation of STAT3 at Tyr 705 in UVA-exposed HDFs. These findings suggest that the UVA-induced decrease in HA secretion by HDFs is attributable to the down- and upregulation of HAS2 and HYBID expression, respectively, changes that are mainly ascribed to the inactivated signaling of the STAT3 axis due to the activated tyrosine protein phosphatase PTP-Meg2 and the activated signaling of the p38/ATF2 axis, respectively.     

Senescence Marker Protein 30 (SMP30): A Novel Pan-Species Diagnostic Marker for the Histopathological Diagnosis of Breast Cancer in Humans and Animals

Senescence marker protein 30 (SMP30) is a cell survival factor playing an important role in vitamin C synthesis and antiapoptosis. Moreover, its cytoprotective role suggests a possibility to be related to cancer cell survival. Mammary carcinoma is a common cancer in both humans and animals. Because of its histopathological diversity, especially in the early stage, histopathological diagnosis may be complicated; therefore, a diagnostic marker is helpful for confirmation. The present study analyzed the expression pattern of SMP30 in mammary carcinoma in humans, dogs, and cats. Immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and western blot analysis were used to investigate SMP30 expression patterns. The expression was specifically observed in neoplastic glandular epithelial cells. The expression increased with the malignancy of glandular epithelial cells with a highly proliferative status. However, SMP30 expression was low in normal mammary gland tissues or well-differentiated adenoma tissues. The patterns were consistently reproduced in canine primary mammary carcinoma cells and MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 human carcinoma cell lines. This study provides useful information to understand SMP30 expression in various stages of mammary carcinoma and to suggest its utility as a pan-species diagnostic marker, thereby helping to establish strategies for diagnosing mammary carcinoma in several species.     

Oxytocin Signaling as a Target to Block Social Defeat-Induced Increases in Drug Abuse Reward

There is huge scientific interest in the neuropeptide oxytocin (OXT) due to its putative capacity to modulate a wide spectrum of physiological and cognitive processes including motivation, learning, emotion, and the stress response. The present review seeks to increase the understanding of the role of OXT in an individual’s vulnerability or resilience with regard to developing a substance use disorder. It places specific attention on the role of social stress as a risk factor of addiction, and explores the hypothesis that OXT constitutes a homeostatic response to stress that buffers against its negative impact. For this purpose, the review summarizes preclinical and clinical literature regarding the effects of OXT in different stages of the addiction cycle. The current literature affirms that a well-functioning oxytocinergic system has protective effects such as the modulation of the initial response to drugs of abuse, the attenuation of the development of dependence, the blunting of drug reinstatement and a general anti-stress effect. However, this system is dysregulated if there is continuous drug use or chronic exposure to stress. In this context, OXT is emerging as a promising pharmacotherapy to restore its natural beneficial effects in the organism and to help rebalance the functions of the addicted brain.     

Melanin Distribution in Human Skin: Influence of Cytoskeletal,Polarity, and Centrosome-Related Machinery of Stratum basale Keratinocytes

Melanin granules cluster within supra-nuclear caps in basal keratinocytes (KCs) of the human epidermis, where they protect KC genomic DNA against ultraviolet radiation (UVR) damage. While much is known about melanogenesis in melanocytes (MCs) and a moderate amount about melanin transfer from MC to KC, we know little about the fate of melanin once inside KCs. We recently reported that melanin fate in progenitor KCs is regulated by rare asymmetric organelle movement during mitosis. Here, we explore the role of actin, microtubules, and centrosome-associated machinery in distributing melanin within KCs. Short-term cultures of human skin explants were treated with cytochalasin-B and nocodazole to target actin filaments and microtubules, respectively. Treatment effects on melanin distribution were assessed by the Warthin–Starry stain, on centrosome-associated proteins by immunofluorescence microscopy, and on co-localisation with melanin granules by brightfield microscopy. Cytochalasin-B treatment disassembled supra-nuclear melanin caps, while nocodazole treatment moved melanin from the apical to basal KC domain. Centrosome and centriolar satellite-associated proteins showed a high degree of co-localisation with melanin. Thus, once melanin granules are transferred to KCs, their preferred apical distribution appears to be facilitated by coordinated movement of centrosomes and centriolar satellites. This mechanism may control melanin’s strategic position within UVR-exposed KCs.     

大气生物气溶胶的源排放与源解析研究进展

2019年新冠肺炎(COVID-19)的全球爆发引起了公众对生物气溶胶的广泛关注。生物气溶胶是大气气溶胶的重要组成部分。生物气溶胶由于具有普通气溶胶的理化性质和本身特有的生物学特性,在全球生态系统、气候变化、空气质量和公共卫生等领域均扮演十分重要的角色。然而,目前学术界对生物气溶胶的研究主要集中在采样监测、消杀防护以及其环境与健康效应等方面,关于源特性研究相对滞后。基于此,聚焦大气中微生物的来源现状,综述了最近20年来生物气溶胶的自然源和人为源排放特性研究进展,并阐述了影响源排放和输送过程的主要因素(如生物地理区域、土地利用类型和环境因素等),探讨了当前生物气溶胶的各种源解析方法。最后,给出了生物气溶胶来源下一步的研究展望,以期为深入理解生物气溶胶的来源、输送与变化机理,更好地评估大气微生物污染水平与监控病原体的气溶胶传播提供参考。     

深度学习的人体图像半自动标注系统

针对目前数据标注过于依赖硬件、手动数据标注效率低下的问题,提出了基于深度学习的人体图像半自动标注系统.系统通过对算法进行改进,增加人体关键点个数进行特征提取和加入运动信息的约束,提高了视频分阶段标注的准确率.使用真实数据集仿真实验证明了通过深度学习算法进行数据标注的可行性,并且使用半自动标注的速度快、准确率高.     

基于数据融合的ABC-SVM社区疾病预测方法

针对现有社区医疗服务中的疾病预测方法存在数据利用率低、疾病分析类型单一、自动化程度差、疾病预测效果不理想等不足,提出在物联网大数据环境下可用于社区医疗的健康数据融合及疾病预测方法. 通过主成分分析(PCA)和聚类分析对社区中居民的生理指标数据进行特征提取;结合人工蜂群(ABC)算法构造支持向量机(SVM)非线性分类器对数据进行特征级融合分析并预测潜在疾病. 实验结果表明,所提方法的疾病识别准确率达到93.10%,相较于传统SVM方法和BP神经网络方法分别提高17.24% 和72.41%. 该方法能够在提高数据利用率、降低计算资源消耗的前提下有效识别多种潜在疾病,可实现疾病早发现、早预防、早治疗;可广泛应用于社区健康管理、老年社区监护甚至临床医疗.     

桥梁健康监测中损伤特征提取的小波包方法

针对桥梁健康监测中结构损伤识别的特点,从模式识别的角度提出和分析了损伤特征提取问题.阐述了基于小波包分析的两种节点能量特征提取的方法.为了研究小波包系数节点能量和小波包信号成分节点能量对损伤信息进行特征提取的差异,通过对随机荷载激励下的连续梁进行数值模拟,得到了结构未损和损伤状态下的加速度时程信号.应用小波包变换,对不同结构状态下的加速度信号分别提取了两种小波包节点能量特征,并对它们作为结构损伤特征指标的敏感性进行了比较.认为两种特征指标的敏感性相差很小,而小波包系数节点能量特征指标的计算效率更高,更适合桥梁健康监测中损伤特征提取的要求.     

高校人力资源管理初探

通过对我国高校人力资源管理的特点、目标及其现状分析,从人力资源管理的战略高度,探讨了我国现代高校人力资源管理应该坚持“以人为本”、与时俱进、改变传统观念、坚持以教学和科研为中心、建立正确的用人机制和科学的管理机制等基本举措,以图我国高校的人力资源管理更加科学更加规范。