探寻十届美展壁画作品的材质美

材质是建构壁画形式美的重要因素之一。第十届全国美展壁画作品充分运用材质美感来加强壁画艺术的感染力,这些壁画无论使用那种类型的材料,这些材料都能各显其长,与建筑环境达到了统一的、和谐的关系。可见,材料不仅仅是壁画艺术家表现的工具,也是传递艺术家意志与观念的媒介。     

手握工具的美学研究

手握工具的美学研究是近年来现代设计技术研究的一个热点问题,手握工具中的优秀的美学设计产品在市场上也越来越多的涌现出来。但是,人们对于手握工具美学的真正含义并不是非常清晰。本文就手握工具的美学的含义和内容做了具体的分析,并把产品设计中的手握工具的美学思维同秩序设计思维、精致设计思维、细节设计思维、人性化设计思维相结合,对手握工具美学的含义进行了新的探索,通过对人机交互发展过程的简要总结,结合几个典型产品设计案例的深入研究和分析,揭示出了人机交互中手握工具的设计美学与产品的内在关系。     

Polarized light imaging of white matter architecture

Polarized light imaging (PLI) is a method to image fiber orientation in gross histological brain sections based on the birefringent properties of the myelin sheaths. The method uses the transmission of polarized light to quantitatively estimate the fiber orientation and inclination angles at every point of the imaged section. Multiple sections can be assembled into a 3D volume, from which the 3D extent of fiber tracts can be extracted. This article describes the physical principles of PLI and describes two major applications of the method: the imaging of white matter orientation of the rat brain and the generation of fiber orientation maps of the human brain in white and gray matter. The strengths and weaknesses of the method are set out.     

Vehicle Teleoperation Interfaces

Despite advances in autonomy, there will always be a need for human involvement in vehicle teleoperation. In particular, tasks such as exploration, reconnaissance and surveillance will continue to require human supervision, if not guidance and direct control. Thus, it is critical that the operator interface be as efficient and as capable as possible. In this paper, we provide an overview of vehicle teleoperation and present a summary of interfaces currently in use.     

Detection and Tracking of Multiple,Partially Occluded Humans by Bayesian Combination of Edgelet based Part Detectors

Detection and tracking of humans in video streams is important for many applications. We present an approach to automatically detect and track multiple, possibly partially occluded humans in a walking or standing pose from a single camera, which may be stationary or moving. A human body is represented as an assembly of body parts. Part detectors are learned by boosting a number of weak classifiers which are based on edgelet features. Responses of part detectors are combined to form a joint likelihood model that includes an analysis of possible occlusions. The combined detection responses and the part detection responses provide the observations used for tracking. Trajectory initialization and termination are both automatic and rely on the confidences computed from the detection responses. An object is tracked by data association and meanshift methods. Our system can track humans with both inter-object and scene occlusions with static or non-static backgrounds. Evaluation results on a number of images and videos and comparisons with some previous methods are given. Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available in the online version of this article at     

一种简化的人体步行神经网络模型

本文针对复杂的人体步行的神经 -肌肉 -骨胳系统模型 ,分析了步行中的主要关系 ,对神经网络模型作了较大的简化和修改 ,提出了一个简单的神经网络模型 .该模型在步行状态、神经耦合、感觉信号反馈等方面都作了简化 .计算机仿真表明 ,该模型能产生稳定的步行运动     

人尿中活性物质的开发

本文叙述了近年来人尿中活性物质的开发状况,列举了从人尿中提取的11种生物药品及其应用,并提出今后发展的方向。     

人类活动及气候变化对河北省地表径流量的影响

利用河北省1956-2000年水文、气象资料,对现状下垫面时间进行了界定,建立了下垫面变化前后降水与地表径流的相关关系,定量评价了人类活动对地表径流量的影响。根据现状下垫面条件下的径流量系列与气候要素(降水量、蒸发量、气温)之间的关系,建立了对数型非线性统计模型,其相关显著,灵敏度较高。根据2030、2050年气候情景数据预测河北省地表径流量的变化:与标准气候值相比,2030年降水量将增加4%～12%,气温升高1.1℃～1.4℃,径流量为106.5～128.9×108m3;2050年降水量将增加4%～14%;气温升高1.7℃～2.2℃,径流量为95.7～123.0×108m3。     

The Nile Basin in a Global Perspective

Abstract

The Nile brings virtually no water to the sea. The mighty basin with 1/10 of Africa's land area and 1/3 of its population, has only 1/16 of its water. The riparian countries use practically all of the Nile's water and they face increasing challenges in terms of environmental degradation, food security, and socioeconomic development. The geopolitical situation blocks the integrated development of water resources in the basin scale, yet the political environment may be improving. The Nile basin is among the most critical regions of the world in terms of water resources development. In this article, the trends of the major driving forces within the basin countries—population, urbanization, climate, agriculture, economy, human resources, and governance—are scrutinized from the viewpoint of their impacts on water resources and their management. A comparison is made to four other critical macroregions: China, South Asia, Southeast Asia, and West Africa.     

Monitoring access to water in rural areas based on the human right to water framework: a local level case study in Nicaragua

Much effort has gone into the recognition of the human right to water. Without doubt, this milestone influences governance and decision making processes at many scales so it is essential now to shift the discussion from the legal and conceptual framework to practice. Along this line, the article proposes a methodology for monitoring access to water in rural areas using the framework of this human right. The practicality of the approach is demonstrated by a case study carried out in Nicaragua. Different criteria of the right to water were included in surveys and structured interviews that were conducted in rural households and water committees, respectively. A discussion analyzes the advantages and challenges of using this framework. Finally, the approach provides elements for policy making that can be used by different stakeholders in the development and human rights sectors.