The antioxidant capacity of complex mixtures by kinetic analysis of crocin bleaching inhibition

The capability of a compound or of a mixture of compounds to quench peroxyl radicals was measured by analyzing the kinetics of the competition of a parallel reaction where peroxyl radicals bleach the carotenoid crocin. This kinetic approach, originally described for the analysis of antioxidants reacting with hydroxyl radicals in water, was modified by both decreasing the polarity of the solvent, thus allowing the analysis of lipophilic compounds, and by substituting a source of peroxyl radicals for the hydroxyl radical generating system. Single compounds as well as complex mixtures were analyzed by kinetic data processing. Overall antioxidant capacity, relative to that of α-tocopherol or of its soluble analog Trolox C, was calculated. As examples of the use of this test, the antioxidant capacities of a crude rosemary extract, Maillard reaction products, and virgin olive oils were measured.     

Tetrabutylammonium Iodide‐Catalyzed Radical Alkoxycarbonylation of 2‐Isocyanobiphenyls with Carbazates: Synthesis of Phenanthridine‐6‐carboxylates

A practical and environmentally friendly strategy for generating alkoxycarbonyl radicals from readily available carbazates under metal‐free conditions has been developed. In the presence of tetrabutylammonium iodide and tert‐butyl hydroperoxide, 2‐isocyanobiphenyls smoothly underwent radical alkoxycarbonylation with carbazates to afford phenanthridine‐6‐carboxylates.

     

影响HTV硅橡胶撕裂强度的因素

考察了白炭黑种类、羟基硅油用量、含氢硅油用量以及不同乙烯基含量生胶并用对热硫化(HTV)硅橡胶撕裂强度的影响。结果显示,气相法白炭黑的补强效果强于沉淀法白炭黑,且比表面积越大,硅橡胶的撕裂强度越高;随着羟基硅油加入量的增加,硅橡胶的撕裂强度先增后趋于稳定;含氢硅油的用量对HTV硅橡胶的撕裂强度基本没有影响;高乙烯基含量生胶和低乙烯基含量生胶并用能显著提高HTV硅橡胶的撕裂强度。较佳配方是:166 g 110-0生胶,4 g 112生胶、80 g QS-102气相法白炭黑、8.5 g羟基硅油、1.0 g含氢硅油、0.5 g乙烯基硅油,此时,HTV硅橡胶的撕裂强度达到21 KN/m。     

改性剂种类对白炭黑补强阻尼硅橡胶性能的影响

以阻尼硅橡胶母胶、气相法白炭黑、改性剂为原料,制成了热硫化阻尼硅橡胶。研究了羟基硅油、六甲基环三硅氮烷、乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷(A-151)、γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(KH 550)、γ-环氧丙氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷(KH 560)及其并用对阻尼硅橡胶硫化性能、分散性能、力学性能和黏弹性能的影响。结果表明,硅烷偶联剂类改性剂能显著加快混炼胶的硫化速度、缩短硫化时间;羟基硅油、六甲基环三硅氮烷和KH 560作改性剂时白炭黑的分散效果良好,而采用A 151作改性剂时白炭黑填料网络的Payne效应较明显,但在宽温域(-120~100℃)范围内具有温度稳定性;不同改性剂并用对改善白炭黑分散性没有明显的协同作用;改性剂种类对硫化胶的力学性能影响不大;六甲基环三硅氮烷与KH 560并用时,硅橡胶的阻尼性能最高。     

负离子聚合法合成端羟羧基液体聚丁二烯橡胶的研究

研究了在０℃下以对锂基苯酚盐为引发剂、四氢呋喃（ＴＨＦ）为溶剂、马来酸酐为终止剂的丁二烯负离子聚合，考察了影响聚合物分子量分布及其微观结构的因素。结果表明，当单体与引发剂的摩尔比小于８８，终止剂与引发剂的摩尔比为６～８时，可保证聚合物的羟基和羧基官能度接近理论值１，从而实现了端羟羧基液体聚丁二烯橡胶的分子设计；可通过调节单体与引发剂的摩尔比来设计聚合物分子量；调节非极性溶剂正己烷与ＴＨＦ的配比，可     

矿物表面金属离子组分与糊精的相互作用（Ⅰ）──糊精在矿物表面的吸附

通过矿物表面糊精吸附量的测定、电动电位测定及在不同ｐＨ值下矿物表面羟基浓度的测定，系统探索了糊精在赤铁矿、金红石、方解石、萤石、重晶石、磷灰石及硅灰石等氧化矿和盐类矿物表面附吸的规律，发现糊精的吸附主要是由于与矿物表面金属羟基化合物发生了程度不同的化学作用。     

羟基硅酸盐/纳米铜复合添加剂摩擦学性能研究

由羟基硅酸镁和纳米铜粉体按质量比1∶1组成复合添加剂,利用MJ-800型四球摩擦磨损试验机考察复合粉体、硅酸盐粉体和纳米铜分别作为N68基础油添加剂的摩擦学性能,借助JSM3010型扫描电子显微镜及EDS测试分析钢球磨痕的表面形貌和成分组成,研究了添加剂的作用机制.结果表明:添加剂的引入明显改善了基础油的摩擦学性能,添加剂粒子通过吸附、填充、微滚珠以及熔融铺展作用降低钢球磨损,并对磨损表面进行一定的修复;硅酸盐粉体和纳米铜表现出良好的协同抗磨效应,复合添加剂的极压抗磨性能优于硅酸盐粉体或纳米铜单独作为添加剂.     

Iron enhances generation of fibrin fibers in human blood: Implications for pathogenesis of stroke

Stroke is associated with the intracerebral formation of fibrin clots which may lead to irreversible brain damage. Thrombolytic therapies employ a variety of natural and/or recombinant plasminogen activators to initiate fibrinolytic degradation of cerebral thrombi. However, such therapies when installed beyond 4‐ to 6‐h window, may fail to achieve the expected outcome. This is due to the hydroxyl radical‐induced modification of fibrin(ogen) molecules rendering them refractory to fibrinolytic degradation, but no cause of the increased free radical generation in stroke was offered. Here, we show by means of electron microscopy that iron ions added to human blood dramatically enhances fibrin fibers formation with thrombin, and significantly delays fibrinolysis during spontaneous clotting of native blood. Iron ions caused the appearance dense matted fibrin deposits, similar, if not identical, to those observed in plasma of patients with stroke. These results may explain a known relationship between thrombotic diseases and the increased body concentrations of free iron and/or hemoglobin derivatives. We conclude that any action resulting in the inhibition of hemostatic abnormalities, as well as in the reduction of body free iron and scavenging of hydroxyl radicals (e.g., by polyphenols) can potentially prevent pathological reactions associated with consequences of stroke. Microsc. Res. Tech. 75:1185–1190, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Cytoskeletal response of microvessel endothelial cells to an applied stress force at the submicrometer scale studied by atomic force microscopy

Cytoskeleton fibers form an intricate three-dimensional network to provide structure and function to microvessel endothelial cells. During accommodation to blood flowing, stress fiber bundles become more prominent and align with the direction of blood flow. This network either mechanically resists the applied shear stress (lateral force) or, if deformed, is dynamically remodeled back to a preferred architecture. However, the detailed response of these stress fiber bundles to applied lateral force at submicrometer scales are as yet poorly understood. In our in vitro study, the tip, topography probe in lateral force microscopy of atomic force microscopy, acted as a tool for exerting quantitative vertical and lateral force on the filaments of the cytoskeleton. Moreover, the authors developed a formula to calculate the value of lateral force exerted on every point of the filaments. The results show that cytoskeleton fibers of healthy tight junctions in rat cerebral microvessel endothelial cells formed a cross-type network, and were reinforced and elongated in the direction of scanning under lateral force of 15-42 nN. Under peroxidation (H(2)O(2) of 300 micromol/L), the cytoskeleton remodeled at intercellular junctions, and changed over the meshwork structures into a dense bundle, that redistributed the stress. Once mechanical forces were exerted on an area, the cells shrank and lost morphologic tight junctions. It would be useful in our understanding of certain pathological processes, such as cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury, which maybe caused by biomechanical forces and which are overlooked in current disease models.     

铸造模用双组分聚酯型聚氨酯的合成

对室温固化铸造模用双组分(聚酯型多元醇和多异氰酸酯)聚酯型聚氨酯的制备进行了研究。确定了两种组分的合成条件,并对影响浇铸成型的各种因素进行了探讨。指出控制聚酯多元醇的含水量和酸值是制备聚氨酯铸模材料的关键。