对钢铁企业加强职业健康管理初探

目的为探索钢铁企业职业健康工作经验,搞好职业健康工作。方法通过分析本企业职业健康工作现状和职业健康工作方面存在的问题,特别是《职业病防治法》实施5年来,企业内部职业健康工作的状况。结果提高了企业领导的意识,提升了管理人员专业技术素质,加强了宣教培训工作,健全了职业病防治管理制度,加强了职业健康管理考核工作。结论促进了钢铁企业的职业健康管理工作健康有序的开展,促使企业生产经营又好又快的发展。     

舒肤网水刺布在医疗卫生产品中的应用

本文简要阐述了非织造布新型复合材料———舒肤网水刺布的结构、性能和在医疗卫生及生活用品方面的一些用途。     

鸽肝营养素和有害元素含量测定

测定鸽肝营养素有害元素的含量,结果表明：鸽肝中营养素种类比较齐全,但与其它常用畜禽类肝脏的营养素含量相比,有一定的差别;鸽肝中铅、砷、镉、汞等有害元素的含量不高。因此,鸽肝安全可食,特别适合于老年人等特殊人群营养素的补充,应注意鸽肝的开发利用。     

辐照在醉蟹保质中的应用

烹饪菜点中有一款特色菜———醉蟹 ,其季节性非常强 ,保质期较短 ,采用60 Coγ射线 4～ 8KGy辐照醉蟹 ,并结合低温处理 ( 0～ 5℃ )贮藏 ,可将保持期由原来的 3个月延长至 9个月。     

酸乳在加工贮藏过程中微生物菌相演变与卫生标准研究

应用选择性培养基对凝固型酸乳加工过程中细菌菌相演变情况进行分析,同时应用国家标准方法对酸乳加工储藏过程中的微生物卫生指标菌落总数、大肠菌群、霉菌和酵母菌的消长状况进行研究。结果表明假单胞菌、肠杆菌科和乳酸菌是原料乳中的优势菌群,经过杀菌、接种和发酵后,乳酸菌为优势菌群。贮藏一周后霉菌和酵母菌逐渐增加并成为次要优势菌群,三周后细菌菌落总数增加。霉菌、酵母菌和细菌是引起酸乳腐败的主要微生物类群。     

Evaluation of Prerequisite Programs Implementation and Hygiene Practices at Social Food Services through Audits and Microbiological Surveillance

Prerequisite programs are considered the most efficient tool for a successful implementation of self‐control systems to ensure food safety. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the implementation of these programs in 15 catering services located in Navarra and the Basque Country (regions in northern Spain), through on‐site audits and microbiological analyses. The implementation of the prerequisite program was incomplete in 60% of the sample. The unobserved temperature control during both the storage and preparation of meals in 20% of the kitchens reveals misunderstanding in the importance of checking these critical control points. A high level of food safety and hygiene (absence of pathogens) was observed in the analyzed meals, while 27.8% of the tested surfaces exceeded the established limit for total mesophilic aerobic microorganisms (≤100 CFU/25 cm²). The group of hand‐contact surfaces (oven door handles and aprons) showed the highest level of total mesophilic aerobic microorganisms and Enterobacteriaceae, and the differences observed with respect to the food‐contact surfaces (work and distribution utensils) were statistically significant (P < 0.001). With regard to the food workers’ hands, lower levels of microorganisms were observed in the handlers wearing gloves (that is, for Staphylococcus spp we identified 43 CFU/cm² on average compared with 4 CFU/cm² (P < 0.001) for those not wearing and wearing gloves, respectively). For a proper implementation of the prerequisites, it is necessary to focus on attaining a higher level of supervision of activities and better hygiene training for the food handlers, through specific activities such as informal meetings and theoretical‐practical sessions adapted to the characteristics of each establishment.     

上海市放射卫生综合监管信息系统建设

医疗卫生信息化建设是国家信息化发展战略的重要组成部分,是数字医学与大数据时代的必然趋势。本文在阐明现代化发展需要信息化的必要性的基础上,介绍了上海市放射卫生综合监测信息系统建设的概况、功能特点等信息,旨在交流、研讨与推动今后进一步加强相应建设,从而加强有效的放射防护监督管理并更好去服务于广大公众。     

Effects of tail docking on milk quality and cow cleanliness

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of tail docking on somatic cell count (SCC), intramammary infection (IMI), and udder and leg cleanliness in commercial dairy herds. Lactating dairy cows (n = 1250) from eight Wisconsin farms were blocked by farm and randomly allocated to tail docked (D) or control (C) groups. Milk samples, somatic cell counts, and hygiene scores were collected for 8 to 9 mo. The prevalence of IMI was determined for each of the five occasions when milk samples were obtained. Udder and leg cleanliness were assessed during milk sample collection. Docked and control animals were compared by logSCC, prevalence of IMI, and leg and udder cleanliness score. Variables were analyzed according to all treatment, period, and farm interactions. At the end of the study period 76 (12.2%) and 81 (13%) of cows were culled in the D and C groups, respectively. There were no significant differences in the initial data for parity, daily milk yield, logSCC, or DIM between treatment groups. Effects significant to farms were identified for all variables over all periods. Period was significant for all variables except for the prevalence of environmental pathogens, but no period x treatment interactions were detected. There was no significant difference between treatment groups for somatic cell count. The prevalence of contagious, environmental, or minor pathogens did not differ significantly between treatment groups. This study did not identify any differences in udder or leg hygiene or milk quality that could be attributed to tail docking.     

Worksite intervention effects on sleep quality: A randomized controlled trial.

Employees with sleep disturbance are at increased risk of disease. Exercise is believed to be effective for improving sleep quality, but few studies have been conducted. This study investigated the effects of a 24-week worksite exercise/behavioral intervention on self-rated sleep quality, via the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), in 73 employees. Greater post-test improvements in the PSQI (-2.0 ± 2.6 vs. -1.3 ± 2.7 points, p = .006, and -16 ± 61 vs. -1 ± 76%, p = .02) were found in treatment versus controls, and in women versus men (by -2.7 points [-5.0 to -0.3 points, p = .03], and by -72% [-142 to -2%, p = .04]). Similar results were found in the shift worker subgroup. Changes in sleep scores were not significantly related to baseline characteristics, changes in psychological health or quality-of-life scores, or level of exercise compliance. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

PRACTICAL EXPERIENCES OF HYGIENE CONTROL USING ATP-BIOLUMINESCENCE

Results from traditional swab methods of determining plant hygiene are not avallable for at least two days (usually longer) and are, therefore, retrospective. The ATP-Bioluminescence hygiene assay gives “instant” results, and “failed” plant can be recleaned before it is used. Comparative trials between the swab and ATP-Bioluminescence assays were used to set pass/fall categories based on the ability of the CIP systems and a 84% agreement was obtained. A dual approach to plant hygiene was adopted: each individual item of plant examined must pass the assay before it can be used, and in those areas were it is not feasible to examine every item of plant a representative number of examinations are performed each week. The use of a database/spreadsheet programme has enabled the results to be analysed at different levels (eg. by department, type of plant, individual vessel) and in the form of trends graphs. Through this approach it has become possible to monitor cleaning efficiency over time and, also, to identify and rectify problem areas. Results over two years have shown a significant improvement in the hygiene and cleanliness of the plant which could only have a beneficial effect on the quality of the product.