An Expanded Set of Fluorogenic Sulfatase Activity Probes

Fluorogenic probes that are activated by an enzymatic transformation are ideally suited for profiling enzyme activities in biological systems. Here, we describe two fluorogenic enzyme probes, 3‐O‐methylfluorescein‐sulfate and resorufin‐sulfate, that can be used to detect sulfatases in mycobacterial lysates. Both probes were validated with a set of commercial sulfatases and used to reveal species‐specific sulfatase banding patterns in a gel‐resolved assay of mycobacterial lysates. The fluorogenic probes described here are suitable for various assays and provide a starting point for creating new sulfatase probes with improved selectivity for mycobacterial sulfatases.     

Quantifying spectral changes experienced by plasmonic nanoparticles in a cellular environment to inform biomedical nanoparticle design

Metal nanoparticles (NPs) scatter and absorb light in precise, designable ways, making them agile candidates for a variety of biomedical applications. When NPs are introduced to a physiological environment and interact with cells, their physicochemical properties can change as proteins adsorb on their surface and they agglomerate within intracellular endosomal vesicles. Since the plasmonic properties of metal NPs are dependent on their geometry and local environment, these physicochemical changes may alter the NPs'' plasmonic properties, on which applications such as plasmonic photothermal therapy and photonic gene circuits are based. Here we systematically study and quantify how metal NPs'' optical spectra change upon introduction to a cellular environment in which NPs agglomerate within endosomal vesicles. Using darkfield hyperspectral imaging, we measure changes in the peak wavelength, broadening, and distribution of 100-nm spherical gold NPs'' optical spectra following introduction to human breast adenocarcinoma Sk-Br-3 cells as a function of NP exposure dose and time. On a cellular level, spectra shift up to 78.6 ± 23.5 nm after 24 h of NP exposure. Importantly, spectra broaden with time, achieving a spectral width of 105.9 ± 11.7 nm at 95% of the spectrum''s maximum intensity after 24 h. On an individual intracellular NP cluster (NPC) level, spectra also show significant shifting, broadening, and heterogeneity after 24 h. Cellular transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and electromagnetic simulations of NPCs support the trends in spectral changes we measured. These quantitative data can help guide the design of metal NPs introduced to cellular environments in plasmonic NP-mediated biomedical technologies.     

孔内摄像法在管桩桩身完整性检测中的应用

孔内摄像法可作为独立的检测手段对管桩的完整性进行检测,也可作为其它检测方法的验证手段。本文通过对管桩常见质量问题的总结,理论分析了管桩可能出现的裂缝形式及其原因;根据桩身完整性的定义、裂缝形态分析等提出了利用孔内摄像法进行管桩桩身完整性判定的标准,并通过管桩孔内摄像法检测与低应变检测的对比验证了此判断标准。     

64排VCT脑灌注成像对烟雾病的血流动力学研究

目的通过对烟雾病患者进行64排VCT脑灌注成像,了解其脑血流动力学变化情况,包括脑血流量、脑血容量、平均通过时间及达峰时间,为临床干预治疗提供影像学依据。方法 30例烟雾病患者,男性14例,女性16例,年龄最大为49岁,最小为13岁,平均年龄为33.8岁。利用GE公司生产的LightSpeed VCT螺旋扫描机对烟雾病患者进行灌注扫描,速率5mL·s-1、剂量50mL、扫描延迟5s、扫描时间45s,然后用该公司配备的Perfusion4专门软件对所得图像进行后处理,分析责任区域的脑血流量、脑血容量、平均通过时间及达峰时间,从而了解其血流动力学变化情况。结果 30例烟雾病患者当中,缺血型患者9例,出血型患者21例。3例显示局部脑血流量增加,5例显示局部脑血流量减少,3例显示局部脑血容量增加,27例显示脑血容量正常,3例显示平均通过时间及达峰时间缩短,8例显示平均通过时间及达峰时间延长。结论缺血型烟雾病患者大部分表现为局部低灌注,出血型烟雾病患者表现为正常或局部高灌注,平均通过时间和达峰时间是反映脑血流动力学变化较敏感的指标。     

White and narrow band image compressor based on a new color space for capsule endoscopy

In this paper, we present the design of a low power and hardware efficient image compressor integrated circuit for wireless capsule endoscopy application. The proposed compression algorithm supports dual-band imaging, that is, works on both white-band imaging (WBI) and narrow-band imaging (NBI). The scheme uses a novel color-space and simple predictive coding for optimized performance. Based on the nature of the narrow- and white-band endoscopic images and video sequences, several sub-sampling schemes are introduced. The proposed dual-band compressor is designed in such as way that it can easily be interfaced with any commercial low power image sensor that outputs RGB image pixels in a raster scan fashion, eliminating the need of large buffer memory and temporary storage. Both NBI and WBI reconstructed images have been verified by medical doctors for acceptability. Compared to other designs targeted to video capsule endoscopy, the proposed algorithm performs strongly with a compression ratio of 80.4% (for WBI) and 79.2% (for NBI), and a high reconstruction peak-signal-to-noise-ratio (over 43.7 dB for both bands). The results of the fabricated chip are also presented.     

连续波THz-CT在医学成像中的应用研究

太赫兹已经被用于对三维物体进行计算机辅助层析成像,但具有很高的折射损耗。设计了基于耿氏二极管和返波振荡器的连续波断层成像实验装置,对聚四氟乙烯模型进行扫描获得投影数据,然后利用滤波反投影算法对投影数据进行重建得到断面图像,用于研究折射对投影及图像的影响。最后对人体牙齿样本进行扫描和重建,探讨THz-CT在医学成像特别是牙齿等骨骼成像中应用的可行性和前景。     

航天三线阵光学遥感成像运动模糊建模与分析

为了提高立体摄影测量的精度,对航天三线阵光学遥感成像的运动模糊模型进行推导和分析。根据引起运动模糊的方式,将三线阵光学遥感成像运动模糊分为前向运动模糊和姿态运动模糊。利用坐标系旋转来研究三线阵相机曝光瞬间前向飞行和姿态变化对运动模糊的影响,对俯仰、滚转和偏航姿态运动引起的模糊分别进行建模。仿真实验表明:(1)曝光瞬间航天三线阵遥感成像运动模糊是空间变化的,俯仰和滚转比偏航运动对三线阵相机的影响更严重;(2)对于直视线阵CCD而言,偏航引起的运动模糊可以忽略不计,但是对前视和后视线阵CCD的影响不能忽略;(3)航天三线阵相机的前视和后视线阵CCD比直视线阵CCD更容易受到航天器姿态运动的影响。     

逆合成孔径激光雷达空间目标成像研究

空间目标的运动模式综合了直线飞行和绕轴旋转两种运动,逆合成孔径激光雷达对其成像时要进行直线运动补偿。补偿过程中使用的目标飞行速度,可以由外差接收模式测得。这种方法不仅准确、快速,而且比过去使用的速度估计法精度更高。阐述了对空间目标外差测速、运动补偿、重构成像的原理,并使用MATLAB分别对外差测速法和速度估计法的成像效果进行了仿真和对比,证实了外差测速法具有成像分辨率高、信息处理量小、运算速度快等优势。     

一种小型水下连续光成像系统设计

设计了一种小型水下连续光成像系统,主要用于小型水下载具或潜水员提高水下视觉能力。该系统以多片大功率LED为光源,以CCD为接收器。为改善图像质量,在分析连续光照明条件下水下图像特点的基础上,使用了一种基于模型法的图像处理算法,并在以DM642为核心的嵌入式图像处理平台上实现。系统进行了室内水池和外场实验,结果表明:针对黑白条纹靶板,系统的极限探测距离达到2.3倍衰减长度以上;图像处理算法能较好适应多种背景和系统结构变化,有效提高图像对比度、突出目标细节。     

基于FPGA的科学级CCD成像系统设计

针对天文、医学等领域科学成像需要,设计了一套基于FPGA的科学级CCD成像系统,并给出了设计中关键技术的解决方法。首先,FPGA提供CCD正常工作所需要的时序信号,驱动CCD输出模拟图像;再将模拟信号预放大、相关双采样、AD转化后输出给FPGA进行处理;最后,将图像信号在FPGA内部进行格式重组、添加图像信息等操作后输出给存储与显示单元。实验结果表明,获取的图像质量较好,不制冷时读出噪声仅6个电子,满足了科学成像的需要。整个系统性能稳定可靠、实时性强,具有较好的通用性。