家用冰箱储藏室内挥发性有机物检测及分析

为研究家用冰箱储藏室中挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)的释放量及主要来源,采用气相色谱–质谱法对工作状态下冰箱储藏室的VOCs含量进行检测;利用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪对冷藏室的物料进行成分分析,同时用密封舱法探究冷藏室不同物料对VOCs含量贡献。结果表明,冰箱冷藏室物料中发泡聚苯乙烯风道泡沫释放的总挥发性有机化合物(TVOC)、正戊烷及异戊烷最多,是造成异味的关键性物料,而正戊烷、异戊烷是冰箱异味的主要成分。聚氯乙烯门封条对异味的贡献也较大,通用聚苯乙烯抽屉体贡献的VOCs种类最多;在工作状态下,随着密闭时间的增加,冰箱储藏室的VOCs的种类及含量增加,但苯、甲苯、二甲苯、TVOC及戊烷类的含量均未超过国家标准。储藏室异戊烷含量较高,是冰箱的异味的主要来源。     

热裂解气质联用鉴别PA56、PA66和PA6

采用热裂解气质联用（Py-GC/MS）方法鉴别聚酰胺56（PA56）、聚酰胺66（PA66）和聚酰胺6（PA6）及其共混物。结果表明,在550 ℃裂解温度下,PA56与PA66相对丰度100 %的峰为环戊酮,分别具有特征裂解产物1,8-二氮杂环十三烷-2,7?二酮和1,8-二氮杂环十四烷-2,7-二酮,PA6相对丰度100 %的峰为己内酰胺;此方法可用于快速鉴别PA56、PA66和PA6的工业初级品,并成功检出了PA6/PA56共混物、PA6/PA66改性共混物与改性PA66。     

321不锈钢钝化膜孔蚀破坏的原子吸收光谱研究

采用原子吸收光谱方法测定不锈钢局部破坏后各种元素的析出量，研究了３２１不锈钢在ＮａＣｌ水不溶液中钝化膜孔蚀破坏的特征。研究结果表明：ＡＡＳ可有效地用于不锈钢孔蚀动力学的研究。     

Microstructure of a nitrided steel previously decarburized

In this study the effects of a surface-controlled decarburization on the structure of a nitrided steel are analyzed. Samples of a quenched and tempered 42CrMo4 steel were decarburized by heating in air at different depths and submitted to gaseous nitriding. After decarburization and nitriding, the microstructure of surface layers was investigated by optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The nitrogen and carbon profiles in the diffusion layers were determined by SEM equipped with a wavelength dispersive spectrometer (EPMA-WDS) and by glow discharge optical spectrometry (GDOS). The effect of nitriding was determined by microhardness measurements. Our results indicate that a previous decarburization only slightly affects the surface hardness, but reduces the conventional nitriding depth. The decarburization also favors the nitrogen take-up and produces increased nitrogen concentrations in the compound layer and in the narrow zone beneath it.     

Morphological and microchemical phenomena in the high-temperature oxidation of binary Al-Li alloys

The high-temperature oxidation behavior of binary Al-Li alloys has been characterized by scanning electron microscopy and secondary ion mass spectrometry in order to understand the mechanism of rapid oxidation in these alloys and to correlate the oxide morphology to its microchemistry. The oxide scale developed on polished specimens during short exposures in air at 530°C shows characteristic nodules that usually nucleate at grain boundaries. Examination of the alloy surface after removal of the oxide layer shows that the initial growth of the oxide nodules occurs laterally in addition to thickening normal to the oxide/alloy interface. Microchemical analysis of the oxide film with a scanning ion microprobe reveals a thick Li-oxide layer at the oxide/gas interface indicating preferential oxidation of Li at the free surface; the rest of the oxide film is composed of both Al- and Li-rich oxides, probably Li₂O and LiAlO₂ The presence of trace impurities (K, Na, F, and Cl) in the oxide scale was also detected. A microstructural model for the development of the oxide film in the Al-Li system is presented on the basis of both morphological and microanalytical data obtained in this study; this new model is compared with existing models.     

Synergistic influence of alloy grain size and Si content on the oxidation behavior of 9Cr−1Mo steel

The synergistic influence of prior-austenite grain size and silicon content of 9Cr–1Mo steel on the resistance to scale spallation has been studied in air at 773 K (for 500 hr) and 973 K (12 hr). Two steels, irrespective of their grain size and Si content, did not show spallation during oxidation at 773 K. Spallation occurred at 973 K, and fine-grain steels exhibited less spallation resistance than coarse-grain ones (in low-as well as high-Si steels). Among the four possible combinations of grain size ans Si content, the steel with low Si and fine grains showed least resistance to spallation, while the steel with high Si and coarse grains showed the best resistance. Spallation was found to initiate in the areas adjoining the oxide ridges formed at the alloy grain boundaries. Oxide scales at the ridges and within the grains were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM/EDX) and secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). These analyses suggest depletion of silicon from the areas adjoining grain boundaries, resulting in thicker scaling that triggers spallation in such areas. For similar grain-size materials, the necessary thickness for spallation was attained earlier with low-Si steel rather than in high-Si steel.     

Microstructure of peritectic Tb-Dy-Fe alloys after electromagnetic levitation melting

1　INTRODUCTIONTb Dy Fealloy ,asarareearth (RE)magneticfunctionalmaterial,isofsignificanttechnologicalin terests ,becauseofitsgiantmagnetostrictionatroomtemperatureaswellashighenergydensityandfastresponsevelocityatlowfrequency[1] .Wideapplica tionfieldshavebeenidentifiedsincethematerialhadbeenexploited[2 ] .Thecompetitiongrowthbetweentheperitecticphase— (Tb Dy)Fe2 (REFe2 )andtheprimiaryphase— (TbDy)Fe3(REFe3)existsinthesolidificationprocessingoftheperitecticTb Dy Feal loys ,which…     

X-ray fluorescence spectrometry determination of open-hearth furnace slag by pressed powder briquetting

Chemical composition of open-hearth furnace slag isimportant for the metal and casting quality. The chemicalcomponents of slag need to be analyzed precisely andaccurately.For a long time the composition determination of slag ismade chemically, which involves complicated processes,long analytical cycle, high cost and tedious work. A greatmany successful applications of ores analysis by x-rayfluorescence spectrometry (XRF) have been reported[1-4].Powder-fused wafer is a sampling method used in…     

CO2焊短路信号和缩颈信号的获取

采用光耦6N136对电弧电压进行隔离，得到了失真很小的孤压信号，设计了短路检测电路和缩颈检测电路．并在缩颈检测电路中加入削波电路，成功地消除了燃弧电压时缩颈检测电路的影响。通过实际焊接试验，验证了所设计的短路检测电路和缩颈检测电路是成功的。     

锌铬膜的成分与力学性能的深度剖面分析

采用浸涂及烧结工艺制备了锌铬膜防腐涂层,用辉光放电光谱分析和纳米压痕/划痕试验技术对其成分和力学性能分别进行了深度剖面分析,并探讨了涂层组成对防腐和力学性能的影响。结果表明,各元素随深度呈不同的分布状态和变化趋势,并与烧结过程相关,硬度、弹性模量的深度分布与元素的深度分布相对应,膜层有较低的失效临界载荷。