Streptavidin‐Functionalized Three‐Dimensional Ordered Nanoporous Silica Film for Highly Efficient Chemiluminescent Immunosensing

A novel biofunctionalized three‐dimensional ordered nanoporous SiO₂ film is designed for construction of chemiluminescent analytical devices. The nanoporous SiO₂ film is prepared with self‐assembly of polystyrene spheres as a template and 5‐nm SiO₂ nanoparticles on a glass slide followed by a calcination process. Its functionalization with streptavidin is achieved by using 3‐glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane as a linker. Based on the high‐selectivity recognition of streptavidin to biotin‐labeled antibody a novel immunosensor is further constructed for highly efficient chemiluminescent immunoassay. The surface morphologies and fabrication processes of both the biofunctionalized film and the immunosensor are characterized using scanning electron microscopy, atomic‐force microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The three‐dimensional ordered nanopores have high capacity for loading of streptavidin and antibody and promote the mass transport of immunoreagents for immunoreaction, thus the resulting chemiluminescent immunosensor shows wide dynamic range for fast immunoassay, and good reproducibility and stability. Using carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA 125) as a model, the highly efficient chemiluminescent immunosensing shows a linear range of three orders of magnitude, from 0.5 to 400 U mL^?1. This work provides a biofunctionalized porous nanostructure for promising biosensing applications.     

Electrocatalysis of Fe-N-C Bonds Driving Reliable Interphase and Fast Kinetics for Phosphorus Anode in Sodium-Ion Batteries

Phosphorus exhibits high capacity and low redox potential, making it a promising anode material for future sodium-ion batteries. However, its practical applications are confined by poor durability and sluggish kinetics. Herein, an innovative in-situ electrochemically self-driven strategy is presented to embed phosphorus nanocrystal (≈10 nm) into a Fe-N-C-rich 3D carbon framework (P/Fe-N-C). This strategy enables rapid and high-capacity sodium ion storage. Through a combination of experimental assistance and theoretical calculations, a novel synergistic catalytic mechanism of Fe-N-C is reasonably proposed. In detail, the electrochemical formation of Fe-N-C catalytic sites facilitates the release of fluorine in ester-based electrolyte, inducing Na⁺-conducting-enhanced solid-electrolyte interphase. Furthermore, it also effectively induces the dissociation energy of the P-P bond and promotes the reaction kinetics of P anode. As a result, the unconventional P/Fe-N-C anode demonstrates outstanding rate-capability (267 mAh g⁻¹ at 100 A g⁻¹) and cycling stability (72%, 10 000 cycles). Notably, the assembled pouch cell achieves high-energy density of 220 Wh kg⁻¹.     

A Hybrid Strategy-Based Ultra-Narrow Stretchable Microelectrodes with Cell-Level Resolution

Stretchable ultra-narrow (e.g., 10 µm in width) microelectrodes are crucial for the electrophysiological monitoring of single cells providing the fundamental understanding to the working mechanism of neuro network or other electrically functional cells. Current fabrication strategies either focus on the preparation of normal stretchable electrodes with hundreds of micrometers or millimeters in width by using inorganic conductive materials or develop conductive organic polymer gel for ultra-narrow electrodes which suffer from low stretchability and instability for long-term implantation, therefore, it is still highly desirable to explore bio-interfacial ultra-narrow stretchable inorganic electrodes. Herein, a hybrid strategy is reported to prepare ultra-narrow multi-channel stretchable microelectrodes without using photolithography or laser-assisting etching. A 10 µm × 10 µm monitoring window is fabricated with enhanced interfacial impedance by the special rough surface. The stretchability achieves to 120% for this 10 µm-width stretchable electrode. Supported by these superior properties, it is demonstrated that the stretchable microelectrodes can detect electrophysiological signals of single cells in vitro and collect electrophysiological signals more precisely in vivo. The reported strategy will open up the accessible preparation of the fine-size stretchable microelectrode. It will significantly improve the resolution of monitoring and stimulation of inorganic stretchable electrodes.     

单分散二氧化硅超细颗粒的制备

通过控制反应速度,以氨催化水解醇介质中的正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)制备得到了400±20nm的单分散二氧化硅超细颗粒。反应首先在低浓度TEOS下形成并完善晶核,再在高浓度下促使晶核强制生长,最后经陈化得到粒径分布集中、单分散二氧化硅超细颗粒。以制备的SiO2作为添加剂制作Y5V特性MLCC,其性能优于进口SiO2。     

P元素对SCu1898紫铜焊丝焊接抗裂性的影响

为避免SCu1898紫铜焊丝在焊接中出现接头裂纹,通过自主熔炼制作SCu1898紫铜焊丝,采用化学分析、着色渗透试验、金相试验和拉伸试验研究分析了不同P含量对紫铜焊接接头抗裂性、组织和力学性能的影响。试验结果显示,加P的紫铜焊丝铸锭及其焊缝熔敷金属中均会产生Cu3P脆性相,P元素的增加可增大SCu1898紫铜焊丝的裂纹倾向,随着P含量逐步增加到0.15%,焊接接头力学性能明显降低。因此,应将紫铜焊丝中P元素的质量分数控制在0.07%以下,以减少焊接过程中热裂纹倾向。     

高低温磷改性β分子筛制备及其烷基化反应性能研究

对常温和高温条件下的磷改性β分子筛进行热重、核磁共振和酸性分析,并考察其在苯与乙烯烷基化反应中的反应性能。结果表明：β分子筛高温条件下引入铵根离子后,其DTG曲线在220～230 ℃之间有一明显的失重峰出现,即铵根离子进入分子筛内部;其 31P MAS NMR和27Al MAS NMR表征中在化学位移为-30.908和41.392处均有一强吸收峰,即β分子筛的骨架结构中有P（4Al）和Al（4P）四配位结构出现;其NH3-TPD酸性增强,酸量增加。评价结果表明β分子筛高温条件下引入铵根离子后,其烷基化反应性能明显提高。     

烃源岩中无机矿物对有机质生烃的影响

对华北下花园地区下马岭组及鄂尔多斯盆地延长组2组低成熟泥岩全岩及分离的干酪根样品开展有水热解实验,探讨了烃源岩源内无机矿物对有机质生烃及同位素分馏的影响。实验结果表明,两组全岩有水体系液态烃及气态烃产率不同程度低于干酪根有水体系,CO₂及H₂产率则明显偏高。同时,全岩有水热解体系气体产物异构烃含量相对较低,表明烃源岩中无机矿物的加入抑制了水-有机质的反应并一定程度上改变了反应途径。稳定同位素的分析结果表明,相同热演化程度下,2组全岩及相应干酪根热解生成的甲烷碳同位素变化不大,但前者生成的二氧化碳碳同位素显著升高,且气态烃氢同位素更低。表明全岩有水热解体系下,烃源岩中的无机矿物参与到有机质热解过程中,改变了CO₂产率及同位素组成,并存在H₂间接加氢作用。     

无机阻燃剂高聚合度聚磷酸铵的研制

以五氧化二磷、磷酸铵盐、尿素为原料、氨气为保护气,制备了高聚合度聚磷酸铵无机阻燃剂。考察了五氧化二磷、磷酸铵盐、尿素的用量和反应温度对聚磷酸铵平均聚合度的影响。采用端基滴定法测定了聚磷酸铵的聚合度,并用X射线衍射(XRD)法表征了聚磷酸铵的晶体结构,同时测定了聚磷酸铵的粒度和溶解度。实验结果表明,制备聚磷酸铵的最佳反应条件为:n(磷酸氢二铵)∶n(五氧化二磷)∶n(尿素)=1∶1∶0.3,反应温度280~300℃,反应时间40m in,热处理温度250~280℃,热处理时间110m in。在此条件下制备的聚磷酸铵的平均聚合度大于600,平均粒径直径小于50μm,在水中的溶解度小于0.4g;XRD表征结果表明,所合成的物质为Ⅱ型聚磷酸铵。     

含磷固化剂及固化环氧树脂的合成及表征

以4,4′-二氨基二苯基甲烷(DDM)、苯甲醛和亚磷酸二乙酯为原料,合成了两种含磷固化剂PM1和PM2,用红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱对PM1和PM2的结构进行了表征。用DDM,PM1,PM2分别固化双酚A型(DGEBA)环氧树脂,得到DGEBA-DDM,DGEBA-PM1,DGEBA-PM2树脂,采用示差扫描量热法、热重分析(TGA)和极限氧指数(LO I)对DGEBA-DDM,DGEBA-PM1,DGEBA-PM2树脂的玻璃化转变温度(Tg)、反应活性、热稳定性和阻燃性能进行了表征。实验结果表明,PM2的反应活性比PM1低;DGEBA-DDM,DGEBA-PM1,DGEBA-PM2树脂的Tg分别为178,112,145℃;TGA结果表明,700℃时DGEBA-PM1和DGEBA-PM2树脂的成炭率分别为29%和35%,而700℃时DGEBA-DDM树脂的成炭率只有19%;DGEBA-PM1和DGEBA-PM2树脂的LO I值由DGEBA-DDM树脂的24%分别增至30%和35%,且阻燃性能大幅度提高。     

水性防腐涂料的研究进展

综述了水性防腐涂料的保护机理,重点介绍了水性丙烯酸涂料、水性环氧涂料、水性无机硅酸富锌涂料体系,并分别讨论了他们的特点及国内外的研究进展,提出了水性防腐涂料存在的问题及今后的发展方向。