系统粉粉色、麸星含量与面片色泽之间的关系

以小麦加工不同系统的20个粉样为原料,研究了系统粉粉色、麸星含量与面片色泽之间的关系.结果表明:麸星含量主要影响面粉的白度,对面片的色泽影响很小,面粉的白度与面片的色泽关系显著.面粉的色泽与面片色泽之间呈显著正相关,尤其是面粉的红度、黄度对面片的色泽影响极大.     

糙米储藏品质评价数学模型的建立

为对糙米储藏过程中的劣变进行及时调控,选用2个粳糙米样品,测定不同储藏条件下的脂肪酸值、发芽率、生活力、电导率、降落数值等生理生化指标,进行各指标间的相关性分析,采用灰色关联度分析法对各项指标进行储藏品质敏感指标的筛选,并以各项敏感指标为自变量,以碾磨后的大米食味值为因变量,采用逐步回归的方法建立敏感指标与糙米最终食味值间的数学模型.结果表明:脂肪酸值、电导率对粳糙米储藏品质有显著影响,其中脂肪酸值对储藏品质敏感度最大,电导率次之;辽星糙米储藏品质评价的数学模型为y =92.57 +0.83X脂肪酸值-2.08X电导率,盐丰糙米储藏品质评价的数学模型为Y=-99.42+4.03X脂肪酸值-1.44X电导率.     

丛枝菌根(AM)对水稻生长促进及化肥减量研究

为了考察丛枝菌根(Arbuscular Mycorrhiza,AM)对水稻生长促进及化肥减量效果,以摩西球囊霉(Glomus mosseae)为实验材料在不同丛枝菌根真菌(Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi,AMF)含量的基质中进行水稻盆栽试验.对比分析了水稻根部AMF的侵染状况,及其对水稻生长的促进作用,并在此基础上探讨了AMF强化在农业面源污染化肥减量中的作用.结果表明:自然基质中土著G.mosseae普遍存在,并可与水稻根系形成菌根结构,但其对水稻的影响与AMF空白基质相比差异并不显著.AMF强化能显著提高其对水稻根部的侵染率.与自然基质相比,AMF强化使水稻的株高、总生物量、根系总表面积及产量分别提高了20.6%、30%、36.6%、45.3%.经计算,每生产100kg水稻,AMF强化相对于自然条件下氮肥、磷肥、钾肥施用量分别减少3.14kg、1.88kg、2.42kg,削减程度高达47%.AMF强化能够有效促进水稻生长并提高其产量,而且在农业面源污染化肥减量方面具有重要作用.     

塔架式抽油机的远程控制系统

针对传统的抽油机远程控制系统存在的弊端,提出了新型的控制层结构,设计了三层架构的远程控制系统;设计即时通信系统应用于远程控制系统中,详细地分析其服务器、电脑客户端和移动客户端的构架,实现管理层和控制层之间的信息交互;设计了基于WiFi的网络通信模块与上位机进行通信,介绍远程控制终端的核心控制模块,实现对电机的控制。经过测试,系统具有即时性、高可靠性以及快速性,确保对抽油机的有效控制,具有一定的工业价值和推广价值。     

防治稻瘟病的新型内吸性杀菌剂氰菌胺

概述了防治稻瘟病的新型内吸性杀菌剂氰菌胺，内容涉及创制经纬、化学名称、理化性质、毒性、作用机理、专利与登记、合成方法与应用等。     

Effects of decomposing rice straw on growth of and nitrogen fixation byRhizobium

Five phenolic compounds produced by decomposing rice straw and sterile extracts of decomposing rice straw in soil were very inhibitory to growth of three strains ofRhizobium. The effects were additive and in several instances synergistic. The phenolic compounds also reduced nodule numbers and hemoglobin content of the nodules in two bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) varieties. Extracts of decomposing rice straw in soil (same concentration as in the soil) significantly reduced N₂ fixation (acetylene reduction) in Bush Black Seeded beans. This may explain in part the great reduction in soybean yields in Taiwan following rice crops when the rice stubble is left in the field.     

In situ esterification of rice bran oil with methanol and ethanol

In situ esterifications of high-acidity rice bran oil with methanol and ethanol and with sulfuric acid as catalyst were investigated. In the esterification with methanol, all free fatty acids (FFA) dissolved in methanol were interesterified within 15 min, and it was possible to obtain nearly pure methyl esters. The amount of methyl esters obtained from a given rice bran was dependent on the FFA content of the rice bran oil. In the esterification with ethanol, it was not possible to obtain pure esters as in methanol esterification, because the solubilities of oil components in ethanol were much higher than those in methanol.     

氧脱木质素对稻草SFP浆性能的影响

亚硫酸盐―甲醛―蒽醌(SFP-AQ)法是适合于草类原料的一种制浆方法。文章研究了氧脱木质素对稻草SFP浆的卡伯值、白度、粘度及强度性能的影响。结果表明,较高的用碱量有助于残余木质素的脱除,在合适的工艺条件下,稻草SFP浆单段氧脱木质素的脱木质素率可达50%以上。在氧脱木质素用碱量3.5%、氧压0.4 MPa、温度110℃、时间60 min或90 min的条件下,稻草SFP浆的卡伯值较低、白度较高,而同时具有良好的粘度和强度性能。     

Tensile properties,morphology, and thermal behavior of PVC composites containing pine flour and bamboo flour

Composites of unplasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) blended with bamboo flour and pine flour, respectively, were prepared in a batch mixer followed by compression molding. The effects of wood flour fillers on the morphology, static mechanical properties, and thermal properties of the composites were investigated. Compared with neat PVC resin, the introduction of both bamboo flour and pine flour significantly improved the stiffness of the composites, while decreasing the tensile strength to some extent. Tensile tests showed that pine flour–filled composites exhibited better mechanical properties than those filled with bamboo flour with the same particle size at the same loading level. Scanning electron microscopic examination revealed good dispersion and alignment tendency of short pine fiber within the composites at a lower loading level. Moreover, experimental results indicated that both bamboo flour and pine flour additions showed no obviously adverse effect on the thermal stabilities of these composites. Based on the comprehensive properties, these composites meet the need of woodlike material for use as wood structures. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 93: 1804–1811, 2004     

白腐菌Panus conchatus降解稻草木素机理研究──(一)低分子木素降解产物各组分的分离及特征

经白腐菌Panusconchatuss发酵15天的稻草用乙酸乙酯进行抽提可有效分离出生物作用后的低分子量木煮降解产物。利用这些低分子降解产物在酸碱度不同的介质以及不同的有机溶剂中的溶解度不同进一步分离、分级和提纯，获得酚类（LP），芳香酸类（LA1—4）以及中性物质三个组份。我们发现LP与LA是降解产物中的主要组份，它们的得率分别为51．1％和34．4％。如此高的LP得率是白腐菌P．conchatus降解稻草木素的重要特征。本文还利用红外光谱和核磁共振技术对LP和LA中最多的一个组份LA—1的可能化学结构特征进行剖析。