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Satisfying America's Fruit Gap: Summary of an Expert Roundtable on the Role of 100% Fruit Juice 下载免费PDF全文
Carol Byrd‐Bredbenner Mario G. Ferruzzi Victor L. Fulgoni III Robert Murray Elizabeth Pivonka Taylor C. Wallace 《Journal of food science》2017,82(7):1523-1534
The 2015 to 2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGAs) recognize the role of 100% fruit juice in health and in helping people meet daily fruit recommendations and state that 100% fruit juice is a nutrient‐dense beverage that should be a primary choice, along with water and low‐fat/fat‐free milk. The DGAs note that children are consuming 100% fruit juice within recommendations (that is, 120 to 180 mL/d for children aged 1 to 6 y and 236 to 355 mL/d for children aged 7 to 18 y). Evidence shows that compared to nonconsumers, those who consume 100% fruit juice come closer to meeting daily fruit needs and have better diet quality. In children, 100% fruit juice is associated with increased intakes of nutrients such as vitamin C, folate, and potassium. When consumed within the DGA recommendations, 100% fruit juice is not associated with overweight/obesity or childhood dental caries and does not compromise fiber intake. Preliminary data suggest that polyphenols in some 100% fruit juices may inhibit absorption of naturally occurring sugars. Given its role in promoting health and in helping people meet fruit needs, experts participating in a roundtable discussion agreed that there is no science‐based reason to restrict access to 100% fruit juice in public health nutrition policy and programs such as the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC). Reducing or eliminating 100% fruit juice could lead to unintended consequences such as reduced daily fruit intake and increased consumption of less nutritious beverages (for example, sugar‐sweetened beverages). 相似文献
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《Food additives & contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, analysis, control, exposure & risk assessment》2013,30(1):9-24
A Total Diet Study (TDS) consists of selecting, collecting and analysing commonly consumed foods to obtain concentration data of different chemical compounds in foods as eaten. A TDS food list summarises the most consumed foods and represents the dietary habits of the general population of the country under study. The work reported here investigated whether TDS food lists that were initially designed for the whole population of the country under study also sufficiently cover the dietary pattern of specific subpopulations that are extra vulnerable for certain contaminants. The work was performed using data of three European countries: the Czech Republic, France and the UK. Each national food consumption database was combined with the corresponding national TDS food list (containing 336, 212 and 119 food items for the Czech Republic, France and the UK, respectively). The data were aggregated on the highest level of hierarchy of FoodEx-1, a pan-European food classification system, including 20 main FoodEx-1 groups. For the group ‘milk and dairy products’, the coverage of the consumption by the food list was investigated for more refined subgroups. For each food group or subgroup and country, the average percentage of coverage of the diet by the national TDS food list was calculated for different subpopulations, including children versus adults, women versus men, vegetarians versus non-vegetarians, and women of child-bearing age versus older women. The average diet of the different subpopulations was sufficiently covered by the food list of the Czech Republic and France. For the UK the average coverage was low due to a different food-coding approach and because food lists were not derived directly from national food consumption data. At the level of the 20 main food groups, differences between the subpopulations with respect to the average coverage of consumption by the TDS food list were minimal. The differences were more pronounced when looking in detail at the coverage of the dairy consumption. TDS food lists based on the mean consumption of the general population are also applicable to study the chemical exposure of different subpopulations, e.g. children, women of child-bearing age and vegetarians. This lowers the effort when performing a TDS. 相似文献
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Negative energy balance during early postpartum is associated with reduced reproductive performance in dairy cows. A pooled statistical analysis of 7 studies completed in our group from 1993 to 2010 was conducted to investigate the association between prepartum energy feeding regimen and reproductive performance. The interval from calving to pregnancy (days to pregnancy, DTP) was the dependent variable to assess reproductive performance. Individual data for 408 cows (354 multiparous and 54 primiparous) were included in the analysis. The net energy for lactation (NEL) intake was determined from each cow’s average dry matter intake and calculated dietary NEL density. Treatments applied prepartum were classified as either controlled-energy (CE; limited NEL intake to ≤100% of requirement) or high-energy (HE; cows were allowed to consume >100%) diets fed during the far-off (FO) or close-up (CU) dry periods. Cow was the experimental unit. The Cox proportional hazard model revealed that days to pregnancy was shorter for CE (median = 157 d) than HE (median = 167 d) diets during the CU period [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.70]. Cows fed HE diets during the last 4 wk prepartum lost more body condition score in the first 6 wk postpartum than those fed CE diets (−0.43 and −0.30, respectively). Cows fed CE diets during the FO period had lower nonesterified fatty acids concentrations in wk 1, 2, and 3 of lactation than cows fed HE diets. Higher nonesterified fatty acids concentration in wk 1 postpartum was associated with a greater probability of disease (n = 251; odds ratio = 1.18). Cows on the CE regimen during the FO period had greater plasma glucose concentrations during wk 1 and 3 after calving than cows fed the HE regimen. Higher plasma glucose (HG) concentration compared with lower glucose (LG) in wk 3 (HG: n = 154; LG: n = 206) and wk 4 (HG: n = 71; LG: n = 254) after calving was associated with shorter days to pregnancy (wk 3: median = 151 and 171 d for HG and LG, respectively, and HR = 1.3; wk 4: median = 148 and 167 d, respectively, and HR = 1.4). In the first 2 wk after calving, cows that received HE diets in the FO period had higher concentrations of total lipids and triglyceride and greater ratio of triglyceride to glycogen in liver than cows fed CE diets. In conclusion, cows fed CE diets during the CU period had a shorter interval between parturition and conception, which may be explained by increased NEL intake during the first 4 wk postpartum and lower incidence of peripartal diseases. Lower body condition score loss during the first 6 wk postpartum and slightly higher glucose concentration at wk 3 likely contributed to improved reproductive performance. 相似文献
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Isabelle Sioen Krishna Vyncke Mieke De Maeyer Monique Gerichhausen Stefaan De Henauw 《Lipids》2013,48(7):729-738
Advances in our knowledge of the physiological functions of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have led to an increased interest in food sources and the level of dietary intake of these nutrients. Up to now, no representative data was available for the Belgian adult population. This study aimed to describe data on the intake and food sources of total and individual omega-6 and omega-3 PUFA for the Belgian population over 15 years old. PUFA intakes were assessed for 3,043 Belgian adults, based on two non-consecutive 24 h recalls. Usual intakes were calculated using the multiple source method. The results showed that the intake of linoleic acid (LA) is in accordance with the recommendation for almost all Belgian adults. However, the intake of omega-3 PUFA is suboptimal for a large part of the studied population and also the intake of total PUFA should be increased for a part of the population. The main food source of LA and α-linolenic acid (ALA) was the group of fats and oils (60.6 % for LA and 53.1 % for ALA). Fish and fish products were the most important sources of long chain omega-3 PUFA. Age influenced fatty acids intake, with higher intake of omega-3 PUFA in the older age groups. To fill the gap between the intake and recommendation of total PUFA, and in particular omega-3 PUFA, sustainable strategies and efficient consumer communication strategies will be needed. 相似文献
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电站进口前加设叠梁门后引起局部水流条件复杂,本文以模型试验和数值模拟为研究手段,系统阐述了叠梁门分层取水进口水流流态、门顶最小运行水深、水头损失和叠梁门反向附加水击压力等。研究表明,加设叠梁门后机组各栅孔进流较为均化,门井水面波动加大,主要引流区间在门顶以下10 m—门顶以上25 m水域,叠梁门门顶最小运行水深一般为15~30 m,进口段水头损失1.20~1.95 m(水头损失系数为0.45~1.15),较无叠梁门时增大1.11~1.63 m,对机组发电经济效益将产生一定影响,机组甩负荷对叠梁门下游面板产生的附加水击压力(2.9~3.0)×9.81 k Pa。 相似文献
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聚合物驱过程中的注入剖面变化在注聚初期,其吸水剖面与水驱基本相同,聚合物溶液还是主要进入高渗透层,随着高渗透层渗流阻力的增加,聚合物溶液开始进入低渗透层,注入剖面得到改善.随着低渗透层聚合物溶液的不断进入,其渗流阻力增加,导致其吸水比例逐渐下降,吸水剖面出现返转.其吸水变化类型主要有一次返转型、二次或多次返转型和不返转型.通过对现场实际资料的研究表明:①在注聚过程中,各沉积单元相对吸水量往复变化;②注聚过程中,低渗透层剖面返转时机先于中渗透层;③低渗透层注聚剖面第二次返转时相对吸水量峰值低于第一次返转时的峰值;④高渗透层的厚度比例越大,聚合物调整低渗透层吸水剖面能力越差;⑤聚驱全过程中,高渗透层的累积吸水量仍大于中、低渗透层;⑥绝大多数单元的吸水剖面在吸水指数、含水下降期发生初次返转.另外,相对于一类油层聚合物驱,二类油层具有返转出现时间早于一类油层、返转幅度大于一类油层等特点. 相似文献