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121.
On‐Line Detection Of State‐Of‐Charge In Lead Acid Battery Using Radial Basis Function Neural Network
To realize a stable supply of electric power in an automobile, an accurate and reliable detection method of SOC (state‐of‐charge) in a lead acid battery is required. However the dynamics of the battery is very complicated. The characteristics of the battery greatly change due to its degradation. Moreover a automobile has many driving patterns, which are unknown beforehand. Thus it is not easy to detect the SOC analytically. In this paper, to overcome this problem, a new on‐line SOC detection method with a radial basis function neural network is proposed. In order to increase the detection accuracy of degraded batteries, physical values related to the degradation degree are used as input signal in the neural network. The detection accuracies for different sized batteries and various degradation states are investigated. 相似文献
122.
The calculations of gas solubilities in supercritical solvents require equations of state remaining accurate in the critical range, which are difficult to obtain with classical models. In this work, the Helmholtz energy of a mixture is considered as the sum of the Helmholtz energies of pure components taken at a constant packing fraction and of a residual term which may have the form of a RedlichKister, Van Laar, NRTL, UNIQUAC, or UNIFAC function. Thus it is possible to assign to a given component an equation of state whose form is different from that of the others. This model has been applied to binary systems containing supercritical carbon dioxide. The results are improved with respect to those obtained with the classical model for vapor-liquid equilibria and for volumetric properties. 相似文献
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124.
Antti Valmari 《International Journal on Software Tools for Technology Transfer (STTT)》2006,8(3):180-194
This article discusses observations made when the state space of the 2 × 2 × 2 Rubik’s cube was constructed with various programs
based on various data structures, gives theoretical explanations for the observations, and uses them to develop more memory-efficient
data structures. The cube has 3,674,160 reachable states. The fastest program runs in 20 s and uses 11.1 million bytes of
memory for the state set structure. It uses a 31-bit representation of the state and also stores the rotation through which
each state was first found. Its memory consumption is remarkably small, considering that 3,674,160 × 31 bits is about 14.2
million bytes. Getting below this number was made possible by sharing common parts of states. Obviously, it is not possible
to reduce memory consumption without limit. We derive an information-theoretic hard average lower bound of 6.07 million bytes
that applies in this setting. We introduce a general-purpose variant of the data structure and end up with 8.9 million bytes
and 48 s. We also discuss the performance of BDDs and perfect state packing in this application. 相似文献
125.
Calcining of the mixture of BaCO3 and TiO2 with a ratio 1:4 at different temperatures was carried out to synthesize BaTi4O9 powders. Phase evolution of the samples was studied using the differential thermal analysis (DTA) and X-ray diffractometry
(XRD). Both techniques confirmed that the formation of BaTi4O9 started around 1000 °C. The XRD peaks showed that BaTi4O9 was most pronounced at 1250 °C. X-ray line broadening methods were employed to study the variation of particle size and microstrain
of the BaTi4O9 powders. The Voigt function in a single line and the pseudo-Voigt function in the variance methods were used in our case.
We found that both functions resulted in the same trends, i.e., the particle size increased with the temperature with the
biggest size of 180 and 160 nm, whilst the microstrain yielded the opposite trend with the lowest values of 6.2 × 10–3 and 1.1 × 10–3. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) study revealed the size of the large particles formed, due to agglomeration, to be
about 0.5–1.9 μm. Furthermore, it was shown that irregular shapes of BaTi4O9 powders necked to each other appeared at 1000 °C and grew into ellipse and rod shapes at 1250 °C.
Electronic Publication 相似文献
126.
喻尧全 《石油化工管理干部学院学报》2002,(2):1-3
剖析国有企业党风廉政建设中的突出问题。提出“推进国有企业党风廉政建设运用市场经济原则经营运作是重要途径;加强对企业经营管理者的监督管理是关键;完善法人治理结构、建立企业内部权力制衡机制是重要基础”的观点。 相似文献
127.
实施ISO14000标准促进中国企业可持续发展 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
阐述ISO14000标准与国有企业可持续发展的关系。企业按ISO14000建立环境管理体系是企业可持续发展的重要方面,具有战略意义。企业施行ISO14000标准的效能显著,但目前实行IS O14000的企业相对较少。分析了企业施行ISO14000标准存在的困难,提出了建立环境管理体系的几点建议。 相似文献
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