茅台酒不同生产环境中空气细菌区系研究

利用分子生物学和生物信息学技术研究了茅台酒生产环境中的空气细菌区系。结果表明,在茅台酒厂的生产环境中,空气中的细菌进行了选择性的富集,形成了菌体密度大,结构复杂的细菌区系。     

Changes in polyphenol fractions and bacterial composition after in vitrofermentation of apple peel polyphenol by gut microbiota

The changes in polyphenol fractions after in vitro fermentation of apple peel polyphenol (APP) by gut microbiota as well as the effects of APP on the growth, pH value, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) production and intestinal flora composition of gut microbiota fermentation were firstly explored in this study. The relative abundance of Lactobacillus in the APP group was 49.55% with an increment of 49.40% compared with the blank group, while that of Bifidobacterium was 13.32%. Moreover, the flora produced 37.093 ± 0.478 mM of SCFAs including acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid and valeric acid during the process of fermentation, thus reduced the environmental pH value. In addition, polyphenol fractions in APP were altered by gut microbiota fermentation to some extent, for example, glycosides were hydrolysed to aglycones. These findings suggested APP as a potential prebiotic agent to alleviate the disorder of intestinal flora.     

Pattern and divergence of tree communities in Taipei's main urban green spaces

Urban vegetation increasingly contributes to nature conservation and ecosystem services, but lacking understanding of site variations has restricted such uses. This study analyzed the spatial pattern and differentiation of tree communities in three major green landscape types (urban parks, riverside parks and street verges) in Taipei city. In each landscape type, 10 representative tree communities were studied. Statistical tests for ecological communities were employed: Jaccard and Q species similarity indices, two-way indicator species analysis (TWINSPAN), and new species fidelity, landscape fidelity and composite Q indices. Significant recent increase in Taipei's green spaces was traced. The study area contained 164 tree species, but few were shared by the three landscape types and none by 30 communities. Native evergreen broadleaf species with large final dimensions were dominant. Urban parks registered the highest species richness, landscape fidelity, rare species and urban endemics. Such exclusive species constitution deviated notably from riverside parks and street verges, with relatively simple and converging intra-site species ingredients. Pronounced species differentiation between urban parks reflected diversified site topography, natural woodland inheritance, woodland creation, and past landscape fashion. TWINSPAN classified the communities into nine groups each with signature characteristics. Inherent site variations offered main determinants of tree heterogeneity, superimposed by human modification to satisfy pre-determined site functions. A hybrid urban park with high species diversity and nature contents is advocated by amalgamating conventional but polarized designs of country and urban parks. The findings could inform management of urban forest, urban nature conservation, and ecological services of urban green spaces.     

发酵肉制品中微生物对生物胺形成机理的影响研究

富含高蛋白质的食品中存在生物胺,发酵肉制品中蛋白质含量丰富可能存在高浓度的生物胺。微生物在不同发酵肉制品中的分布不尽相同,导致了在不同发酵肉制品中生物胺种类和数量上的差异。该文综述发酵肉制品中微生物对生物胺形成机理的研究进展,将发酵肉制品中的微生物群落构成与生物胺分析有机地结合起来,为利用发酵剂调控微生物菌群结构来降低生物胺潜在危害的应用提供科学依据。     

北方储藏稻谷真菌多样性分析

本研究选择北方有代表性的地区,以高大平房仓常规储存的稻谷为研究对象,根据仓内储藏环境的差异进行分点分层取样。采用传统方法进行真菌分离纯化,通过形态学和分子系统学相结合进行菌株的分类鉴定,通过研究真菌分布为稻谷储藏过程监控提供一定的指导。结果表明,我国北方地区稻谷储藏期含水量为13.6%～15.6%,每个省储藏稻谷真菌菌落总数范围在10~3～10~4 CFU/g之间;北方储藏稻谷共分离出58种真菌,分布于2门,4纲,6目,13科,16属,主要优势菌阿姆斯特丹曲霉Aspergillus amstelodami和多育曲霉Aspergillus proliferans被划分为灰绿曲霉群及其近缘类群,这类真菌对于仓储环境的适应性较强,可作为北方粮堆异常粮情早期监测预警的主要指示菌群;粮堆上层或靠近墙壁等易受环境温度影响的位置,易达到储藏真菌的生长条件,优势菌群由初始的田间和过渡真菌演替为储藏真菌,是高大平房仓稻谷储存过程中需要重点关注的位置。确定储藏稻谷的优势菌群及仓房重点关注位置,为北方稻谷储藏过程提供了技术参考。     

乳酸链球菌L16对感染金黄色葡萄球菌小鼠肠道菌群的调节作用

为研究乳酸链球菌L16对金黄色葡萄球菌感染小鼠肠道菌群结构的恢复情况,采用高通量测序技术,构建小鼠肠道微生物的16S rRNA基因测序文库,通过菌群结构图、等级丰度分布曲线、热图、稀释性曲线图、维恩图等,分析预防组、治疗组、正常组和模型组小鼠的肠道菌群组成和生物多样性。结果:模型组中脱铁杆菌门(12.67%)显著升高,菌群结构异常。预防组中厚壁菌门(49.03%)和拟杆菌门(43.15%)的相对丰度接近正常组(44.75%;42.08%)。结论:乳酸链球菌L16能预防金黄色葡萄球菌感染小鼠肠道,调节肠道菌群结构。     

不同喂养方式对婴幼儿肠道菌群多样性影响的研究进展

近些年的研究发现婴幼儿肠道菌群与众多机体的病理相关,其肠道内栖息着数量巨大的微生物,其中占据主导地位的是细菌,其在维持内环境稳态、调节能量代谢等方面发挥着复杂的作用,因此,婴幼儿肠道微生态的合理建立尤为重要。影响婴幼儿肠道菌群的因素有很多,其中喂养方式对婴幼儿肠道菌群结构有明显的影响。关于喂养方式对婴幼儿肠道菌群多样性影响的研究甚少,故本文结合近些年国内外关于喂养方式与婴幼儿肠道菌群的研究,综述了婴幼儿肠道菌群的建立与演替,以及婴幼儿肠道菌群的生理功能,同时,讨论了不同喂养方式(母乳喂养、配方奶粉喂养、混合喂养)下婴幼儿肠道微生态的差异,以期为研发适用于婴幼儿喂养方式的研究中提供一定的理论指导依据。     

益生菌在我国保健食品中的应用进展

由于益生菌类原料在调节肠道菌群和增强免疫力保健功能的研究比较系统,健康功效明确,因此,其在保健食品中应用越来越广泛,而且部分菌株已被国家市场监督管理总局明文规定允许用于婴幼儿食品的开发.随着科学技术的快速发展以及相关研究的不断深入,益生菌类原料具有的其它保健功能不断被发掘,而且作用机理也不断明晰,这为其在保健食品行业的...     

复方苍术方调节肠道菌群及肠道保护作用的研究

本文探讨了复方苍术方调节肠道菌群及肠保护作用。给予复方苍术方后,中、高剂量组肠球菌及高剂量组肠杆菌菌落数(按lg CFU计)分别降低6.35%、8.17%及5.69%;中、高剂量组乳杆菌和双歧杆菌菌落数分别增加7.04%、6.74%、6.99%和8.10%,且高于阳性对照组;同时,中、高剂量组盲肠内容物p H值分别降低6.58%和5.26%;肠道组织病理结果显示复方苍术方低剂量组十二指肠、回肠及中、高剂量组十二指肠、空肠、回肠A/V比值分别增加29.84%、17.47%、56.01%、31.18%、20.09%、46.51%、30.52%和20.09%,且中、高剂量组空肠、回肠A/V比值明显高于阳性对照组。此外,复方苍术方低、中、高剂量组小肠墨汁推进率分别增加43.92%、69.93%和98.31%。研究结果表明,复方苍术方可能通过调节肠道菌群结构改善肠道微环境,且效果优于单用低聚半乳糖。