金桂果实多糖提取及其抑菌作用研究

该文以热水浸提法研究金桂果实多糖的提取条件及其抑菌作用。以料液比、浸提温度、浸提时间、浸提次数为影响因素,进行了单因素实验和正交实验,研究了金桂果实多糖的最佳提取条件,同时用滤纸圆片法和比浊法研究了果实多糖的抑菌作用。结果表明,金桂果实多糖提取的最佳条件是料液比为1∶30(g/m L)、浸提温度为75℃、浸提时间为120 min、浸提次数为2次。在此条件下金桂果实多糖的得率为3.67%。5倍体积乙醇沉淀金桂果实多糖的得率为3.14%。金桂果实多糖对三种菌都有抑制作用,由强到弱的顺序是金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和大肠杆菌,在处理时间为10~20 h和p H6时的抑菌作用强;对金黄色葡萄球菌和枯草芽孢杆菌的最小抑菌浓度为3.2%,对大肠杆菌的最小抑菌浓度为7.5%。      

UV-B照射对采后葡萄果实品质和黄酮醇积累的影响

本实验以赤霞珠葡萄果实为试材,研究了UV-B照射对采后葡萄果实品质和黄酮醇积累的影响。结果表明,采后适当剂量UV-B照射葡萄果实可在不影响果实硬度及果梗褐变指数等外在品质的情况下显著提高果实可滴定酸、总酚、总黄酮及总黄酮醇含量,减缓可溶性固形物及VC降解,可较好改善酿酒葡萄采后品质。UV-B对葡萄果实采后品质的改善作用呈现明显的照射剂量依赖性和孵育时间依赖性。150μW/cm2的照射剂量和2 h的孵育时间的调控作用最佳。      

‘金丝小枣’在生长与成熟过程中活性成分及抗氧化活性变化规律研究

本文以6个不同生长与成熟期（S1^S6）的‘金丝小枣’为研究对象,通过高效液相色谱测定分析了枣果中的维生素C、酚类物质、环核苷酸、三萜酸、α-生育酚和β-胡萝卜素,同时采用分光光度计法测定了其在不同生长与成熟期的总酚、总黄酮含量以及枣果抗氧化活性。研究结果表明:随着枣果的生长成熟:其总酚、总黄酮、α-生育酚和β-胡萝卜素以及FRAP值、清除DPPH·以及ABTS+·自由基能力均呈现下降趋势;儿茶素和表儿茶素是枣果在生长与成熟过程中主要酚类物质。三萜酸含量在枣果的S3^S4期时最高,而c AMP和c GMP则随着枣果的生长成熟逐渐积累。      

冷破碎工艺对猕猴桃果浆品质的影响

以海沃德、华优、红阳三个不同品种的猕猴桃为原料,利用冷破碎专利设备制取猕猴桃果浆。采用化学方法分析其营养特性指标(包括可滴定酸、总糖和还原糖、果胶、蛋白质、维生素C及多酚含量),同时与经传统工艺制取的果浆相比较,探讨冷破碎技术的优劣。实验结果表明,冷破碎工艺使海沃德、华优、红阳猕猴桃果浆酸度分别提高了69.9%、105%、34.2%,多酚及多酚氧化酶含量下降了49.4%、30.5%、43.8%和42.3%、48.3%、51.7%;总糖和还原糖变化不大,果胶、蛋白质含量变化显著。所以,采用冷破碎工艺获得的果浆比较好地保留了猕猴桃原果的营养品质,从防止营养品质劣变的角度看,冷破碎工艺是值得推广应用的果品加工先进技术。      

拐枣果汁冬枣果粒悬浮饮料的研制

以拐枣和冬枣为试材,研究拐枣果汁冬枣果粒悬浮饮料的制备。在拐枣果汁含量为25%的基础上,探讨冬枣果粒含量和蔗糖、柠檬酸、琼脂的用量对悬浮饮料品质的影响。实验结果表明,以0.30%的Ca Cl2对冬枣果粒进行脆化,效果较好;拐枣果汁冬枣果粒悬浮饮料最佳调配比例为:冬枣果粒15%,蔗糖10%,柠檬酸0.20%,悬浮稳定剂琼脂0.25%。在该条件下制出的果粒果汁悬浮饮料具有较好的悬浮性及稳定性,感官品质良好。      

Spanish Melon Landraces: Revealing Useful Diversity by Genomic,Morphological, and Metabolomic Analysis

Spain is a secondary centre of the diversification of the melon (Cucumis melo L.), with high diversity represented in highly appreciated landraces belonging to the Flexuosus and Ibericus groups. A collection of 47 accessions of Flexuosus, Chate, Piel de Sapo, Tendral, Amarillo, Blanco, and Rochet was analysed using a genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) approach. A total of 66,971 quality SNPs were identified. Genetic analysis differentiated Ibericus accessions and exotic materials (Ameri, Momordica, Kachri, and Agrestis), while Flexuous accessions shared ancestry between them. Within the Ibericus group, no clear genomic distinction could be identified for the different landraces evaluated, with accessions of different landraces showing high genetic similarity. The morphological characterization confirmed that the external colour and fruit shape had been used as recognition patterns for Spanish melon landraces, but variability within a landrace exists. Differences were found in the sugars and acid and volatile profiles of the materials. Flexuosus and Chate melons at the immature commercial stage accumulated malic acid and low levels of hexoses, while Ibericus melons accumulated high contents of sucrose and citric acid. Specific trends could be identified in the Ibericus landraces. Tendral accumulated low levels of sugars and citric acid and high of malic acid, maintaining higher firmness, Rochet reached higher levels of sugars, and Amarillo tended to lower malic acid contents. Interestingly, high variability was found within landraces for the acidic profile, offering possibilities to alter taste tinges. The main volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in Flexuosus and Chate were aldehydes and alcohols, with clear differences between both groups. In the Ibericus landraces, general trends for VOC accumulation could be identified, but, again, a high level of variation exists. This situation highlights the necessity to develop depuration programs to promote on-farm in situ conservation and, at the same time, offers opportunities to establish new breeding program targets and to take advantage of these sources of variation.     

悬浮类果品饮料稳定性问题的初步实验研究

悬浮类果品饮料如粒粒苹果、粒粒菠萝、各类果茶等,以其味道鲜美、营养丰富以及诱人的外观,很受广大消费者的喜爱,但其悬浮稳定性问题一直是许多类果品饮料生产的一个关键问题。以苹果粒悬浮饮料粒粒苹果为例,在实验基础上,详细地讨论了影响其悬浮稳定性的因素,提出了解决问题的方法和措施,供有关的生产和研究参考。     

顶空气相色谱法测定膨化大枣中的亚硫酸盐含量

采用顶空气相色谱法测定了膨化大枣中的亚硫酸盐含量。将粉碎样品放入500mL顶空瓶中,加入浓盐酸,在40℃恒温水浴中反应10min,亚硫酸盐在酸性条件下转化为SO2气体,取顶空气体进行气相色谱分析。通过测定气相中二氧化硫的含量,间接测定样品中的亚硫酸盐含量。本方法具有操作简便、快速、准确,灵敏度高等优点。实验结果的相对标准偏差为1.65%。     

Attractants fromStaphylococcus aureus cultures for Mexican fruit fly,Anastrepha ludens

Volatile chemicals from tryptic soy broth cultures ofStaphylococcus aureus that attract sugar-fed, protein-hungry adult Mexican fruit flies were identified. Chemicals identified from the headspace above the filtrate of the bacterial cultures were ammonia, trimethylamine, isoamylamine, 2-methylbutylamine, 2,5-dimethylpyrazine, and acetic acid. Each chemical attracted flies. A mixture of the chemicals in the same concentrations as were found in the bacterial filtrate was 89% as effective in attracting flies as the bacterial filtrate in laboratory bioassays. Additional chemicals were identified from various concentrated or pH altered preparations made from the filtrate. Many of these chemicals also attracted flies. One of these chemicals, dimethylamine, was the most effective chemical identified. The use of solid-phase microextraction for volatile collection and of thick-film (5-µm) capillary GC columns was essential to the success of this work.