Oxidative stability of olive oil during the thermal process: Effect of Pistacia khinjuk fruit oil

The oxidative stability of refined olive oil with incorporated Pistacia khinjuk fruit oil (PKFO; 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 5%, and 10%) during thermal processing at 170ºC for 8 h was evaluated. The conjugated diene values, carbonyl values, acid values, oil/oxidative stability indices, and total tocopherol content were measured during thermal processing. Olive oil containing 0.5% PKFO was identified as the most oxidative stable oil followed by oils containing 100 ppm TBHQ and 1, 5, 10, and 2% PKFO. No significant difference between samples of olive oil containing 100 ppm TBHQ and 1% PKFO was observed. Thus, it was concluded that PKFO at levels lower than 1% could provide stronger antioxidation activity in comparison with TBHQ (the strongest syntactic antioxidant used in the food industry). Moreover, reduction in tocopherol compounds during thermal processing was higher in olive oil containing TBHQ as compared to those in pure olive oil.     

Assessment of foodborne pathogen presence in the peach supply chain and its potential risk to the end consumer

Peaches are popular, nutritious and widely consumed. Being a tree crop, it is considered a low risk fruit, with no direct water contact, and no previous foodborne disease outbreaks associated with its consumption. However, in 2014 the pioneer association between stone fruit and a foodborne illness was reported, linking Listeria monocytogenes to stone fruit. This highlights the need for better understanding of risk associated with contaminated fresh stone fruit, in order to implement adequate preventative measures. No information is available on the presence of foodborne pathogens on peaches in the supply chain. A case study approach was therefore followed to assess foodborne pathogen presence on the farm, focusing on the impact of irrigation water, facility sanitation and hygiene by collecting various fruit and environmental samples (n = 428). This study demonstrates the effectiveness of integrating basic microbial testing with safety management and risk assessment tools that can be collectively used to improve the food safety management system. No Salmonella Typhimurium was detected from samples, however, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria spp. and Staphylococcus aureus were detected on fruit and environmental samples. Despite the GlobalG.A.P. certification status of the farm, livestock frequented water sources which lead to E. coli O157:H7 contamination. This conclusion was based on positive detection of foodborne pathogens from the water sources and subsequent removal of livestock which resulted in a definite decrease in pathogen detection. A number of E. coli O157:H7 and S. aureus were detected during the second year of monitoring from environmental samples and it was observed that the personal hygiene and facility sanitation was not adequately enforced. Based on feedback given to the farmer, enforcement was improved and a definite decrease in foodborne pathogens was observed in the following sampling cycle. Areas of risk that were still identified following the fourth year of monitoring included the water source used for irrigation and poor sanitation in the production and processing facilities. Limited foodborne pathogen prevalence on peaches over the full study period as well as the extended export supply chain at controlled temperatures resulted in low-to-medium calculated consumer risk. The correct and meticulous implementation of integrated and holistic pre- and post-harvest food safety management systems is therefore essential to prevent produce contamination, reduce the consumer risk and therefore ensure overall product safety.     

Effects of latitude and weather conditions on sugars,fruit acids and ascorbic acid in currant (Ribes sp.) cultivars

BACKGROUND: Sugars, acids and vitamin C are essential components influencing the sensory and nutritional properties of currants (Ribes sp.). In this study the effects of growth latitude and weather conditions on these components in red, white and green currant cultivars were systematically investigated for the first time. RESULTS: Red Dutch (a red Ribes rubrum cultivar) contained more malic acid but fewer sugars and had a lower sugar/acid ratio than Vertti (a green Ribes nigrum cultivar) and White Dutch (a white R. rubrum cultivar). Fructose (27–56 g L^?1 juice) and glucose (21–54 g L^?1) were the major sugars in all currant samples, but sucrose (7–20 g L^?1) was present only in Vertti. Vertti contained the most ascorbic acid. Sugars, malic acid and the sugar/acid ratio in Red Dutch were 11–28% higher in southern Finland than in northern Finland. The corresponding values in Vertti were 6–16% lower in the south than in the north, but no differences were found in White Dutch. As the relative humidity decreased, the amounts of citric acid and total acid increased in all cultivars, while the amount of sugars increased in Vertti but decreased in White Dutch and Red Dutch. In Red Dutch, high temperature and radiation levels increased the sugar content. CONCLUSION: The influence of latitude and weather conditions on qualitative parameters of currants varies with the cultivar. This study provides important guidance for currant cultivation and for further physiological and enzymological studies. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry     

基于FOABHC＿SVM的微电网短期负荷预测模型

为适应微电网的建设和发展对负荷预测效率及精度的要求,针对微电网负荷基数小、间歇性和随机性大等特点,提出一种基于历史认知果蝇优化算法（FOABHC）－优化支持向量机（SVM）的微电网短期负荷预测模型。以国内某微电网示范工程项目为例,将FOABHC＿SVM用于微电网短期负荷预测。实例仿真结果表明,所提出的FOABHC＿SVM预测模型优于SVM预测模型,更适用于当前微电网短期负荷预测需要。     

观赏果树在漳州城市园林绿化中的应用

阐述漳州观赏果树的选择原则,介绍漳州观赏果树的主要种类,总结分析了观赏果树在漳州城市园林绿化中的具体应用,并针对观赏果树在漳州城市园林绿化应用中存在的问题,提出解决对策。     

果蔬保鲜剂的研究进展

针对果蔬在采摘后由于呼吸生理代谢、病原微生物侵染、储藏方法不当等问题引起腐烂损耗问题,人们常常利用化学保鲜剂与生物保鲜剂来抑制这些对果蔬贮藏的不利因素。果蔬保鲜剂的特性来可分为三大类:生物保鲜剂、化学保鲜剂、食品添加剂型保鲜剂,本文分别阐述了化这三类保鲜剂对果蔬保鲜的作用原理、发展现状和各自优缺点。并对今后果蔬保鲜剂的进展提出一些见解。     

红枣多糖的高压脉冲电场高效提取及其在卷烟中的应用

采用UV-Vis分光光度法测定红枣中多糖含量,考察了红枣多糖的高压脉冲电场高效提取及工艺优化,并进行了卷烟加香试验。通过分析高压脉冲电场强度、温度、液料比、脉冲频率4个因素对多糖提取率的影响,在单因素试验结果的基础上,设计正交试验。试验结果表明：最佳测定条件为A2B3C2D2,即高压脉冲电场强度为20 kV/cm、固定高压脉冲电场温度为100℃、液料比为15∶1（体积/质量）、脉冲频率为10000 Hz。该方法快速、灵敏、准确,可用于红枣多糖的高效提取,最佳提取工艺条件下的提取率为3．01％。红枣多糖的卷烟加香试验表明,其能增加卷烟香气中的烤甜香韵,醇和烟气,改善口感。     

不同银杏果添加量对花露烧酒风味的影响

目的 通过风味分析确定花露烧酒新品中银杏果的最佳添加量。方法 采用固相微萃取-气质联用(solid phase microexteaction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, SPME-GC-MS)和感官评价技术测定比较了不同银杏果添加量的花露烧酒的挥发性风味成分。结果 共鉴定出49种挥发性风味成分,各样品中香气成分的种类和含量有明显差异;经与糯米混合发酵后,银杏果中青草风味成分如壬醛、正己醛等显著下降或未检出;采用主成分分析法得出银杏花露烧酒香气与辛醇、八甲基四硅氧烷、乳酸乙酯、乙酸异戊酯等风味成分有关。由感官分析可知银杏果添加量为25%的样品C整体感官品质最佳,尤其是香气方面,产生了令人愉悦的正己酸乙酯、乙酸异戊酯等风味成分。结论 添加25%银杏果的花露烧酒的风味较好,为传统特色产品花露烧酒的创新提供了新思路,对银杏花露烧酒的风味控制提供了理论依据。