乳酸及乳酸钠在鲜肉保鲜中的应用

本试验采用乳酸、乳酸钠及其二者的混合物按不同比例加入鲜猪肉中，在室温30℃湿度85～95％条件下贮存，定时进行内的鲜度检测，并与未添加任何深加剂的肉作比较，试验结果表明，单一使用与混合使用这二种添加剂均有不同程度的保鲜效果，以0．21％乳酸、2．79％乳酸钠添加量保鲜效果较好，可延长保鲜期1～3天。     

鲜乳超声波除菌技术研究

研究了不同功率、时间的超声波处理鲜乳后的杀菌效果。结果表明,经600W,3min超声波处理的原料乳,杀菌率达93%。并研究了超声波结合巴氏杀菌技术对鲜乳处理后,4℃贮藏条件下牛乳品质变化情况。结果表明,经600W,3min超声波处理的原料乳结合63℃,30min的热处理后,乳品质保持最好,4℃贮藏条件下贮藏期达16d左右。     

超声波对橙汁的杀菌特性研究

以鲜榨橙汁为原料,研究了超声波在不同橙汁特性以及仪器可变条件下,对菌落总数的影响,通过正交试验结果得出杀菌的较优条件是：杀菌时间：13min,振幅：70％,脉冲时间on：30s,脉冲时间off．25s、处理量：50ml;方差分析结果表明,杀菌时间、振幅、脉冲时间、处理量对杀菌率的影响差异极显著（p〈0．01）;相同杀菌条件．下超声波杀菌时间较传统的水浴热杀菌短,有利于保持食品品质。     

微乳化壳聚糖可食用膜的应用研究

以壳聚糖为主剂,加入不同助剂配成微乳化保鲜膜,在30±1℃下对西瓜和菠萝进行涂膜保鲜试验。结果表明:与对照组相比,微乳化壳聚糖涂膜处理可以有效地保持西瓜和菠萝的硬度和抑制可溶性固形物含量的下降;减少失重和腐烂率,保持了果实的贮藏品质,延长了果实的贮藏时间。     

葡萄糖氧化酶在果汁保鲜中的应用

介绍了葡萄糖氧化酶作为果汁保鲜剂的作用机理及对果汁品质的影响，通过对在果汁中加入葡萄糖氧化酶进行抗氧化及抑制褐变实验，证明葡萄糖氧化酶可有效防止果汁氧化及抑制果汁褐变，对延长产品的保质期和保持果汁风味具有明显效果。同时葡萄糖氧化酶与增效剂联合使用，抗氧化和抑制褐变效果更好。     

Influence of drying mode on iridoid bitter constituent levels in gentian root

Root samples of wild gentian (Gentiana lutea L) were harvested from six localities (altitude 970 m to 1350 m) from May to November 2000. Each batch of roots was split into three: fresh roots, naturally dried roots (ambient air) and artificially dried roots (40 °C). In all the samples, levels of iridoid bitter constituents and of xanthone coloured compounds were determined by HPLC. The mean total iridoid content in the fresh roots was 102.4 g kg^?1 in dry matter (DM). The mean level of the principal bitter compound gentiopicroside was particularly high at 81 g kg^?1 DM. Loganic acid, not previously reported in G lutea, was the second most abundant bitter compound at a mean level of 14.3 g kg^?1 DM. Swertiamarin was present at 5.4 g kg^?1, with another minor unidentified iridoid. Levels of iridoid compounds were strongly dependent of the drying mode. These amounts were 88.5 g kg^?1 DM in artificially dried roots and 62.5 g kg^?1 DM in naturally dried roots, mostly owing to a marked decrease in gentiopicroside. The temperature of 40 °C preserved the bitter compounds and the bitterness of fresh gentian roots. The amount of coloured xanthones was relatively low at 3.3 g kg^?1 and did not change with the drying mode. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry     

Comparison of calcium lactate with chlorine as a washing treatment for fresh‐cut lettuce and carrots: quality and nutritional parameters

The efficacies of calcium lactate and chlorine washing treatments of fresh‐cut lettuce and carrots were compared during storage at 4 °C over 10 days. The gas composition of packages, colour, enzyme activity, texture, sensory attributes, microflora and levels of ascorbic acid and carotenoids were evaluated at 1, 3, 7 and 10 days. Calcium lactate treatment was not significantly different to chlorine treatment (p < 0.05) in terms of maintaining colour, texture and acceptability of fresh‐cut lettuce and carrots during the entire storage period. The washing treatments did not affect levels of ascorbic acid of fresh‐cut lettuce or carrots. Carotenoid levels were higher in calcium lactate‐treated carrots than chlorine‐treated samples at the end of storage. Mesophilic, psychrotrophic and lactic acid bacteria counts were not significantly different between treatments for both vegetables. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry     

The effectiveness of ozone and acidulant treatments in extending the refrigerated shelf life of fresh-cut potatoes

Abstract: The objective of the study was to determine the effectiveness of acidulant dip treatments (with or without aqueous ozone) to reduce enzymatic browning and to extend the shelf life of fresh‐cut potato slices during refrigerated storage (4 °C) for 28 d. Potato slices subjected to aqueous ozone (2 ppm) had significantly (P≤ 0.05) higher L‐values and lower a‐values, but ozone did not appear to have any effect on aerobic plate counts (APCs) or polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity. NatureSeal (NS) and sodium acid sulfate (SAS) were the most effective acidulant treatments in reducing browning (significantly [P≤ 0.05] higher L‐values, lower a‐values, and browning index values) regardless of ozone treatment. NS and SAS also had lower PPO activity compared to other treatments on days 0 and 28, and significantly (P≤ 0.05) lower APCs (≤2.00 log CFU/g) over refrigerated storage. Therefore, the SAS treatment was comparable to NS, a commercially available product, and showed promise as an effective antibrowning dip to reduce browning and spoilage in fresh‐cut potato products. Practical Application: A 1% SAS dip treatment which included 1% citric and 1% ascorbic acid was found to be an effective antibrowning dip for fresh‐cut potatoes along with NatureSeal®'s PS‐10, compared to other treatments. They were both effective in maintaining low microbial counts over refrigerated storage. Additionally, aqueous ozone washes (2 ppm) showed significant benefits to reduce browning; however, ozone did not affect microbial counts or PPO enzyme activity. Therefore, the SAS treatment could have potential use in the fruit and vegetable industry to reduce browning and spoilage in fresh‐cut potato products.     

辽宁地区不同来源新鲜牛乳主要营养成分分析

以位于辽宁省东南西北4个不同方位--沈阳、本溪、鞍山、锦州不同来源的新鲜牛乳为研究对象,分析其乳中脂肪含量、非脂乳固体含量、蛋白质含量、酪蛋白含量以及牛乳中不同形态的钙含量,并与相应的鲜牛乳国家标准进行比较。同时,研究鲜牛乳的主要成分在地域之间的差异和成分之间的相关性。结果表明：本实验所抽检的来自辽宁不同地区新鲜牛乳样品中脂肪含量、非脂乳固体含量、蛋白质含量均符合国家标准,但不同地区之间,3项指标的含量存在显著性差异。而牛乳中酪蛋白含量占蛋白质总量的百分率和游离钙占总钙的百分率却相当稳定,其变化范围分别为77.0%～78.5%和64.73%～66.38%。脂肪含量与非脂乳固体含量呈极显著负相关,蛋白质含量与络合钙含量呈极显著正相关关系。     

冷鲜猪肉内外细菌菌群分离鉴定及变化规律研究

采用选择性培养基,分别对冷鲜猪肉内外的菌相组成进行分析鉴定,并研究其在储藏过程中的变化规律。实验鉴定出热杀索丝菌、假单胞菌、乳酸菌、肠杆菌科各2株以及葡萄球菌属1株;热杀索丝菌为托盘包装冷鲜猪肉的主要优势菌;整个培养过程中肠杆菌科和假单胞菌生长趋势明显;肉块内部的微生物生长速度高于肉块表面。