An experimental investigation into the pre-treatment of synthetic membranes using sodium hydroxide solutions

In this paper the effect of two pre-treatment methods are compared experimentally for the filtration of (i) a spent sulphite liquor (17.8 wt.% dry solids) using a 20 kg mol⁻¹ molar mass cut off (MMCO) fluoropolymer membrane and (ii) a molasses solution (45° Brix) using a polysulphone (Psf) membrane (1.5 μm pore size). Both feeds are industrially relevant, and subject to severe fouling issues when membranes are used in their subsequent processing. The pre-treatment methods evaluated were: (i) conditioning with water at 60 °C only [Protocol 1], and (ii) conditioning with water at 60 °C followed by cleaning with 0.5 wt.% NaOH [Protocol 2]. Results are presented that confirm the benefits of sodium hydroxide preconditioning upon performance, supporting the suggestion by some membrane manufacturers that this step be included as part of the pre-treatment protocol.     

Characterization of Crude and Partially Purified Lipase from Geotrichum candidum Obtained with Different Nitrogen Sources

Lipases from Geotrichum candidum were produced in two different medium: A = 12 % (w/v) clarified corn steep liquor (CCSL) + 0.6 % (w/v) soybean oil (SO) and B = 3.5 % (w/v) yeast hydrolysate (YH) + 0.7 % (w/v) SO. Lipases were partially purified from both media by hydrophobic interaction chromatography using 3.0 mol L^?1 of NaCl as mobile phase, and they were characterized in the crude and partially purified forms. The recovery of lipase activity from CCSL and YH via HIC were 96 and 94.3 %, and the purification factors were 44.3 and 86.7‐fold, respectively. All evaluated lipases had similar optimum pH (7.0–7.7), but, for the CCSL crude lipase, optimum temperature (47 °C) was 10 °C higher than others lipases evaluated. CCSL crude lipase possessed a higher thermo stability than YH crude lipase, e.g., at 37 °C (pH 7.0) the half‐life of CCSL crude lipase was 19.25 h and at pH 8.0 (30 °C) the half‐life was 48 h, which are five and ten times higher than with YH crude lipase, respectively. On the other hand, the YH crude lipase possessed a higher catalytic constant (k_cat = 2.3 min^?1) but with almost the same catalytic efficiency (K_m/k_cat = 32.12 mg mL min^?1) in relation to CCSL crude lipase. The lipases differ in biocatalytic properties between substrates, suggesting that the two lipases can be employed for different applications.     

用一水硬铝石矿的拜耳法溶出液生产砂状氧化铝

本文介绍了对某厂处理一水硬铝石矿的拜耳法高浓度溶出液，经引进、消化，设计了一段分解生产砂状氧化铝新工艺。通过对该工艺技术条件的分析研讨，总结其生产实践，认为一段分解工艺具有流程简短平稳、易于操作控制、分解出的氧化铝产出率高、产品为100％砂状、能满足电解制铝要求等优点。具有较好的工业生产实用价值。     

硫酸铜的生产

硫酸铜是重要的铜化合物，用途广泛。叙述了以废铜、铜合金废料、氧化铜矿、氧化硫化混合铜矿、含铜废液等为原料生产硫酸铜的工艺及其特点。     

Simulation analysis of producing xylitol from hemicelluloses of pre-hydrolysis liquor

The pre-hydrolysis liquor (PHL) of the kraft-based dissolving pulp production process is currently sent to the recovery boiler and incinerated. However, PHL contains about 5–8% lignocelluloses that can be utilized in the production of value-added chemicals. In this study, a process for producing xylitol from hemicelluloses in PHL is developed. This process involves several acidification, neutralization, adsorption (along with reactivation) and evaporation stages. The mass balance indicates that 533 kg/h xylitol (with 99% purity), 187 kg/h lignin, 806 kg/h basic ferric acetate, and 1600 kg/h gypsum can be produced from 41,670 kg/h PHL. The energy balance shows that the evaporators are the largest consumers of energy, while the reactivation kiln, acidification, neutralization, and precipitation processes generate some heat. Overall, 41% conversion of xylose to xylitol is achieved.     

破乳剂在太钢焦化厂的应用

太钢焦化厂应用煤调湿技术后,焦油、氨水分离及氨水的后续处理出现了循环氨水喷嘴堵塞、横管初冷器阻力高、焦油质量下降等现象。投加破乳剂后,解决了焦油、氨水分离问题,稳定了生产。     

7.63m焦炉循环氨水系统运行特点及检修技术

介绍了7.63m焦炉循环氨水系统的设计参数、应急系统设计、氨水工艺流程、主要设备和生产运行中出现的问题,论述了循环氨水系统检修方案的制定实施、焦炉生产作业调整、冷却水量平衡保供及生产、环保风险的防控等实践活动。     

氧化铜沉淀法处理乙烯废碱液的研究

以氧化铜为沉淀剂处理乙烯废碱液,通过单因素实验,考察了沉淀法处理乙烯废碱液的反应时间、反应温度、沉淀剂投加量。沉淀法处理乙烯废碱液的最佳工艺条件:反应时间40 min、反应温度30℃、氧化铜投加量1.8 g。吸附法延续处理乙烯废碱液,乙烯废碱液中硫浓度由1113.25 mg/L降到1.98 mg/L,硫去除率达99.82%,COD浓度由800000 mg/L降到5600 mg/L,COD去除率达99.9%。     

玉米浆对VB_(12)发酵的影响

玉米浆质量和添加浓度对VB12发酵有很大的影响,为了选取最优玉米浆作为培养基氮源,本实验比较了3个生产厂家和5个不同浓度的玉米浆。结果表明:厂家Ⅲ的玉米浆为最优玉米浆,最适浓度为3.7%。     

碘化浸金时从浸出液中提金及碘再生方法研究

用实验方法研究了锌置换金、活性炭吸附金及电解回收金,并探讨了用电解法回收碘。研究结果表明：用活性炭吸附、解吸液电解提取金及电解法再生碘溶液是切实可行的。