生物酶在棉织物前处理中的应用

简述了生物酶的结构和特性,分析了其在染整应用中的作用机理,总结了在染整前处理中酶制剂的开发与应用工艺。指出生物酶加工纺织品有利于保护环境。     

[BMIM]Cl离子液体处理对苎麻性能的影响

苎麻纤维取向度和结晶度都较高,导致苎麻的染整加工及其服用性能较差。为了改善苎麻的性能,将新型绿色溶剂——离子液体引入到苎麻的改性中。将含少量水的离子液体溶剂体系对苎麻进行溶胀,研究了处理前后苎麻结晶度、减量率、润湿性能、染色性能以及强力的变化情况。结果显示,离子液体对苎麻有较好的改性效果,处理后的苎麻结晶度下降,纤维中的部分半纤维素和果胶被去除,减量率可以达到5.3%。这种物理结构上的改性,导致苎麻润湿性能和染色性能都有一定程度的提高,但是对纱线的强力造成了一定损伤。     

印染企业太阳能热水应用技术探讨

印染企业蒸汽耗量占到动力成本之首,而太阳能作为一种用之不竭且到处可取的无污染资源,能有效降低企业蒸汽用量,提高生产量,同时太阳能板铺在车间屋面上,还能起到隔热作用。太阳能热水可采用合同能源管理模式,既能达到节能减排的目的,又能缓解企业资金压力。     

活性染料冷轧堆染色理论与染色质量控制

活性染料冷轧堆染色是目前活性染料染色方法中最具节能减排优势的染色工艺,但是,由于使用泡花碱和烧碱等作固色碱剂,染液的稳定性差,在实际生产中容易形成硅垢,造成染色一次成功率低。通过分析冷轧堆染色机理,开发染液稳定性良好的固色碱剂,有效解决了活性染料冷轧堆染色过程中存在的诸多问题。生产实践表明,在冷轧堆染色中固色碱剂起着非常重要的作用,它能有效提高活性染料染液的稳定性,提高染色一次成功率,并且产品的色牢度高、色差小。     

Modification of wool fibers by atmospheric pressure plasma treatment

Shrink‐proofing processing of wool fabrics by vacuum plasma treatment has been studied for many years. However, as a wool shrink‐proofing processing method, discharge treatment under atmospheric pressure, such as corona and low‐temperature electric plasma treatment, has been studied recently. In this study, an attempt was made to improve shrink‐proofing and other properties of a wool fabric by low‐temperature plasma treatment. The wool fabric was treated by pulsed atmospheric pressure plasma using a dielectric barrier discharge apparatus of the Institute of Textile Technology at Denkendorf by varying the power and flow rate of air. Shrink‐proofing, dyeing yield and water‐absorbing properties increased to a greater degree with the increase in the treatment time. However, the effect was saturated at 3 min. On the other hand, hysteresis of shearing property at large shear angle (2HG5), which is one of the mechanical parameters for measuring fabric hand by the Kawabata evaluation system (KES), becomes larger with the treatment time. It can be concluded that shear hysteresis value is related to the improvement in shrink‐proofing and other properties of the wool fabric.     

The role of geometry on the viscoelastic materials properties: tensile and stress relaxation of the yarn

The time-dependent mechanical behavior of textiles has particular importance. One of such behaviors is stress relaxation. When strain is applied constantly, there is a decreased stress with time in viscoelastic materials, which is called stress relaxation. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of knot’s geometry (surgeon, square and eight) and the number of knots on the tensile and stress relaxation properties of the polyester yarn. Significant differences were observed for the tensile characteristics of the yarn in the presence of the knot. Generally, the knotted yarns demonstrated lower tensile stress and strain at failure. Moreover, the results revealed that the stress relaxation behavior of the yarn is affected by the number of knots and their geometry. The yarn without knot exhibited the highest stress relaxation percent while the yarn with the surgeon’s knot displayed the least stress relaxation percent. On the other hand, increasing the number of knots led to a decrease in the percentage of yarn stress relaxation.     

蜂窝光触媒纤维/棉混纺筒子纱染色

蜂窝光触媒纤维可大大增加织物的导电性能,其抗静电、吸附、除臭、抗菌、发射远红外线和产生负氧离子等能力也大大提高。蜂窝光触媒纤维在染色过程中怕酸怕碱、热缩非常大,是其筒子纱染色的难点。蜂窝光触媒纤维/棉混纺纱染色时,需调整染色工艺,兼顾蜂窝纤维和棉纤维的染色特性。染色后各项牢度指标均达到标准要求。     

真丝织物的黄芩同浴媒染染色

探讨了真丝织物采用黄芩进行同浴媒染时各工艺条件对染色效果的影响,优化的染色条件为:黄芩用量3%,明矾3%,pH=4,温度90℃,时间60 min。染色后的真丝织物对金黄葡萄球菌和大肠埃希菌具有优异的抗菌性,且耐洗性良好。     

低能耗气液染色机的开发与应用

介绍了气液染色机的设计开发及其应用性能。气液染色机将气流染色与溢喷染色相结合,以气流牵引织物循环,染液与织物交换,完成染料对织物纤维的上染过程。气液染色机采用独立的气流循环,可降低风机功率;通过染液与被染织物的组合交换方式,在提高匀染性的同时,扩大了织物适用品种范围;采用逆流喷射式水洗,则不仅提高水洗效率和净洗效果,而且还降低耗水量。     

涤锦交织物凉爽面料染整加工

选用高色牢度、高匀染性的分散和酸性染料,在织物染色前先对锦纶组分进行防沾污固色处理,再采用分散和酸性染料二浴法对涤锦交织物进行染色,改善了分散染料对锦纶的沾染,染色后织物的耐皂洗色牢度和耐日晒色牢度均达到4级以上。后整理加工采用先进的凉感整理技术,使其穿着具有凉爽性能,提高了服用性能。