Evaluation of China's local enforcement of energy efficiency standards and labeling programs for appliances and equipment

AimsThis paper aims to evaluate local enforcement of China's mandatory appliance and equipment energy efficiency standards and labeling programs, two increasingly important policies for meeting national energy and carbon reduction targets. The expected energy savings of efficiency standards and labels can be fully realized only with strong enforcement to ensure compliance for all products sold. This paper provides comprehensive retrospective evaluation of the methodologies, results, progress and remaining challenges in pilot enforcement projects initiated in the absence of consistent national check-testing focused on energy efficiency.ScopeThis paper's scope is focused on 2006–2009 pilot local check-tests conducted to verify appliance and equipment compliance with China's mandatory energy label and efficiency standards.ConclusionsThis paper finds both improvement and some backsliding in compliance rates over time. Compared to earlier efforts, 2009 check-tests covered a wider regional and product scope but demonstrated greater variation in compliance rates. Labeling display and energy efficiency compliance was generally high across regions and most products, but lower compliance rates were observed in less economically developed regions and for lighting and industrial products. Based on these findings, areas for improvement in local awareness, product sampling methodology, check-testing tools and procedures are identified.     

焊缝符号标注及其常见问题浅析

结合相关标准对常用焊缝符号的组成、标注方式及在焊缝基本要素和辅助要素标注过程中经常出现的问题作简要阐述。     

A versatile access to new halogenated 7-azidocoumarins for photoaffinity labeling: Synthesis and photophysical properties

A versatile methodology for the synthesis of 6/8-halogenated 7-aminocoumarins from the corresponding 7-hydroxy analogs using Pd-catalyzed amination reaction as the key step is presented. Further readily conversion into 7-azidocoumarins was performed and the resulting aryl azides proved higher stability and reactivity than the corresponding non-halogenated parent compound. These new compounds may thus constitute attractive scaffolds for designing novel photoaffinity reagents for various challenging bio-labeling applications.     

K_n十K_m的优美性

给出Ｋ_ｎ十Ｋ_ｍ的化美性必要条件，并在２≤ｎ≤１００内，对Ｋｎ＋Ｋ２的优美性进行了讨论①。     

求解最大流量问题的一种新方法

根据网络系统中的连续定理和最大容量等概念,建立了求解最大流量问题的一种简捷算法。此方法改进了惯用的Ford—Fulkerson标记化方法,去掉其繁琐性,因而有更大的实用价值。     

An algorithm for similar utterance section extraction for managing spoken documents

This paper proposes a new, efficient algorithm for extracting similar sections between two time sequence data sets. The algorithm, called Relay Continuous Dynamic Programming (Relay CDP), realizes fast matching between arbitrary sections in the reference pattern and the input pattern and enables the extraction of similar sections in a frame synchronous manner. In addition, Relay CDP is extended to two types of applications that handle spoken documents. The first application is the extraction of repeated utterances in a presentation or a news speech because repeated utterances are assumed to be important parts of the speech. These repeated utterances can be regarded as labels for information retrieval. The second application is flexible spoken document retrieval. A phonetic model is introduced to cope with the speech of different speakers. The new algorithm allows a user to query by natural utterance and searches spoken documents for any partial matches to the query utterance. We present herein a detailed explanation of Relay CDP and the experimental results for the extraction of similar sections and report results for two applications using Relay CDP. Yoshiaki Itoh has been an associate professor in the Faculty of Software and Information Science at Iwate Prefectural University, Iwate, Japan, since 2001. He received the B.E. degree, M.E. degree, and Dr. Eng. from Tokyo University, Tokyo, in 1987, 1989, and 1999, respectively. From 1989 to 2001 he was a researcher and a staff member of Kawasaki Steel Corporation, Tokyo and Okayama. From 1992 to 1994 he transferred as a researcher to Real World Computing Partnership, Tsukuba, Japan. Dr. Itoh's research interests include spoken document processing without recognition, audio and video retrieval, and real-time human communication systems. He is a member of ISCA, Acoustical Society of Japan, Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers, Information Processing Society of Japan, and Japan Society of Artificial Intelligence. Kazuyo Tanaka has been a professor at the University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan, since 2002. He received the B.E. degree from Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan, in 1970, and the Dr. Eng. degree from Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan, in 1984. From 1971 to 2002 he was research officer of Electrotechnical Laboratory (ETL), Tsukuba, Japan, and the National Institute of Advanced Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan, where he was working on speech analysis, synthesis, recognition, and understanding, and also served as chief of the speech processing section. His current interests include digital signal processing, spoken document processing, and human information processing. He is a member of IEEE, ISCA, Acoustical Society of Japan, Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers, and Japan Society of Artificial Intelligence. Shi-Wook Lee received the B.E. degree and M.E. degree from Yeungnam University, Korea and Ph.D. degree from the University of Tokyo in 1995, 1997, and 2001, respectively. Since 2001 he has been working in the Research Group of Speech and Auditory Signal Processing, the National Institute of Advanced Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan, as a postdoctoral fellow. His research interests include spoken document processing, speech recognition, and understanding.     

一种基于矢量方法的等高线自动标定与检验算法

等高线作为传统地图和现代地理信息系统（GIS）的重要要素，常用来表示各种地形变化的形态，基于自动方法的等高线高程标定和检验是地图自动化输入，数字高程模型（DEM）生成的重要手段。该文在基于光栅图像等高级自动标定研究成果的基础上，提出一种新的基于矢量等高线的高程自动标定与检验算法。该算法的核心是生成一种称为包含树的数据结构，然后利用这种数据结构转换成等高线自由树，从而实现对等高线高程的自动标定和检验。     

An efficient infrastructure for native transactional XML processing

Implementation techniques for relational database management systems (DBMSs) have proven their efficiency and robustness in many existing systems. However, many of these concepts and mechanisms cannot be used when implementing a native XML DBMS (XDBMS) because of substantial differences in the processing properties of natively stored XML documents as compared to relational tables. Therefore, we have to develop new and appropriate techniques with ACID transaction guarantees tailored to the processing characteristics of tree documents and the operations on them.

For this reason, we want to provide for an efficient infrastructure of XDBMSs consisting of tree node addressing and indexing together with fine-grained locking of tree nodes. In this respect, our prime and novel contribution is to reveal the potential of our prefix-based node labeling called DeweyIDs supporting record addressing, indexing, and locking protocols. In this paper, we first sketch our version of prefix-based node labeling and summarize a quantitative study on them. An overview of our layered XDBMS architecture indicates the concepts and functionalities to be reused from relational DBMS implementations. The core part of the paper describes the infrastructural services for XML document storage with compressed DeweyIDs, the principles and methods for navigational and declarative processing of queries, as well as the lock modes and protocols to enable efficient collaboration. Selected empirical experiments evaluate the XTC system performance and support our system assessment.     

Distance estimation and object location via rings of neighbors

We consider four problems on distance estimation and object location which share the common flavor of capturing global information via informative node labels: low-stretch routing schemes [48], distance labeling [25], searchable small worlds [31], and triangulation-based distance estimation [34]. Focusing on metrics of low doubling dimension, we approach these problems with a common technique called rings of neighbors, which refers to a sparse distributed data structure that underlies all our constructions. Apart from improving the previously known bounds for these problems, our contributions include extending Kleinberg’s small world model to doubling metrics, and a short proof of the main result in Chan et al. [15]. Doubling dimension is a notion of dimensionality for general metrics that has recently become a useful algorithmic concept in the theoretical computer science literature. This work was done when A. Slivkins was a graduate student at Cornell University and was supported by the Packard Fellowship of Jon Kleinberg. Preliminary version of this paper has appeared in 24th Annual ACM SIGACT-SIGOPS Symposium on Principles of Distributed Computing (PODC), 2005.     

中文语义角色标注的特征工程

基于统计机器学习的语义角色标注在自然语言处理领域越来越受到重视,丰富多样的特征直接决定语义角色标注系统的性能。本文针对中文的特点,在英文语义角色标注特征的基础上,提出了一些更有效的新特征和组合特征: 例如,句法成分后一个词、谓语动词和短语类型的组合、谓语动词类别信息和路径的组合等,并在Chinese Proposition Bank(CPB)语料数据上,使用最大熵分类器进行了实验,系统F-Score由89.76%增加到91.31%。结果表明,这些新特征和组合特征显著提高了系统的性能。因此,目前进行语义角色标注应集中精力寻找丰富有效的特征。