Solid‐state linear viscoelastic properties of intercalated poly(L‐lactide)/organo‐modified montmorillonite hybrids

Hybrids of poly(L ‐lactide)/organophilic clay (PLACHs) have been prepared by a melt‐compounding process using poly(L ‐lactide) (PLLA) and different contents of surface‐treated montmorillonite modified with a dimethyl dioctadecyl ammonium salt. The dispersion structures of clay particles in PLACHs were investigated using wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The solid‐state linear viscoelastic properties for these PLACHs were examined as functions of temperature and frequency. The incorporation of organo‐modified silicate into PLLA matrix enhanced significantly both storage moduli (E′) and loss moduli (E″). The strong enhancement observed in dynamic moduli of PLACHs could be attributed to uniformly dispersed state of the clay particles with high aspect ratio (= length/thickness of clay) and the intercalation of the PLLA chains between silicate layers. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry     

Preparation of nano-HA/PLA composite by modified-PLA for controlling the growth of HA crystals

In order to control the growth of hydroxyapatite (HA) crystals and obtain nano-hydroxyapatite/poly(lactide) (n-HA/PLA) composite with interfacial interaction between the two phases, PLA surfaces were modified with poly(α-methacrylic acid) (PMAA) via photooxidization and UV induced polymerization. FTIR analysis showed that the PMAA was grafted onto the PLA surface and the grafting rate increased with the grafting time. The n-HA/PLA composites were synthesized by modified-PLA and characterized by FTIR, XRD and SEM. Several analyses suggested that the m-PLA could act as a template to manipulate the nucleation and growth of n-HA crystals, control the morphology and size of n-HA crystals as well as their distribution over the organic phase.     

新型环境友好材料聚乳酸合成工艺研究

以工业乳酸为原料,采用开环聚合法对聚乳酸合成工艺进行系统研究,对传统工艺中的催化剂及投加方式作了改进。在丙交酯合成工艺中,采用ZnO/La2O3作催化剂并分2次顺序加入,明显提高了丙交酯的产率(达52%);在丙交酯开环聚合工艺中,采用辛酸亚锡甲苯溶液作催化剂,在反应温度为130—180℃,反应时间8h,体系真空度控制在0.098MPa的条件下,制备出聚乳酸的分子质量达到2.4×104g/mol,优于文献报道。     

Surface modification of cellulose nanocrystals by grafting with poly(lactic acid)

The use of biopolymers obtained from renewable resources is currently growing and they have found unique applications as matrices and/or nanofillers in ‘green’ nanocomposites. Grafting of polymer chains to the surface of cellulose nanofillers was also studied to promote the dispersion of cellulose nanocrystals in hydrophobic polymer matrices. The aim of this study was to modify the surface of cellulose nanocrystals by grafting from L‐lactide by ring‐opening polymerization in order to improve the compatibility of nanocrystals and hydrophobic polymer matrices. The effectiveness of the grafting was evidenced by the long‐term stability of a suspension of poly(lactic acid)‐grafted cellulose nanocrystals in chloroform, by the presence of the carbonyl peak in modified samples determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and by the modification in C1s contributions observed by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. No modification in nanocrystal shape was observed in birefringence studies and transmission electron microscopy. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry     

聚乳酸纤维的制备及其染色性能分析

比较系统地介绍了聚乳酸纤维(PLA)的合成方法及其特性,并对PLA的染色性能进行了初步的探讨.     

聚乳酸微球的制备

以L-乳酸为原料,锡粒为催化剂,实现了丙交酯的开环聚合反应,红外光谱结果表明,合成了分子量可控的聚乳酸。以二氯甲烷为溶剂,聚乙烯醇为表面活性剂,制备了聚乳酸微球,研究了聚乙烯醇浓度对聚乳酸微球的影响。结果表明,当聚乙烯醇浓度增加时,微球半径变小,但粒径分布均匀度下降,聚乙烯醇浓度为1%时,聚乳酸成球效果较好。     

Spray drying technique to produce controlled release formulations of zidovudine—an anti‐HIV drug

This article explores the application of spray drying technique to produce microparticles of poly(D ,L ‐lactide‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA), as well as di‐block copolymer of polylactic acid (PLA) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) (PLA‐PEG), containing zidovudine (AZT), an anti‐HIV drug, to achieve its controlled release over an extended period of time. Of the two polymers studied, PLGA is hydrophobic, whereas PLA‐PEG is hydrophilic and the drug, AZT is water‐soluble. Formulations were developed containing 10 and 25 wt % of AZT giving encapsulation efficiencies (EE) of 66 to 86% for PLGA and 90 to 94% for PLA‐PEG di‐block copolymer. All the formulations were characterized by Fourier transform spectroscopy (FTIR) to investigate the interaction of AZT with polymers and to characterize PLA‐PEG. NMR was also employed to confirm the formation of PLA‐PEG. X‐ray diffraction was used to understand the molecular level dispersion of AZT within the polymeric matrices, while differential scanning calorimetry was employed to assess thermal properties. Scanning electron microscopy was employed to understand the surface morphology of AZT‐loaded microparticles. In vitro release experiments performed in pH 7.4 buffer media extended the release of AZT up to 125 h with PLGA, whereas 30 h were required for releasing AZT through PLA‐PEG microparticles. Cumulative release data were fitted to an empirical equation to understand the nature of release characteristics. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 000: 000–000, 2011     

Electrospun poly(D,L)‐lactide nonwoven mats for biomedical application: Surface area shrinkage and surface entrapment

Nanofibrous poly(D,L )‐lactide mats prepared by electrospinning are useful for numerous biomedical applications. However, it was observed that these mats tend to shrink under physiological conditions. In this research, a physical entrapment method to modify the polymer surface with poly(ethylene glycol) was developed to ensure dimensional stability and to increase the hydrophilicity of the surface of the mats. Nanofiber morphology was characterized by scanning electron microscopy. Surface element analysis was performed by high resolution X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Water contact angles were determined to identify surface properties before and after surface entrapment. Canine fibroblasts were prepared and seeded onto the poly(D,L)‐lactide mats, followed by cell morphology study by SEM and cell viability tests by MTT assay, which confirmed the improvement of biocompatibility by surface modification. Taking the results into account, hydrophilic and area‐stable nanofibrous nonwoven mats were successfully produced, with potential applications as in vivo biomedical material. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011