红树莓籽中活性物质提取工艺优化

为获得红树莓籽中活性物质的最佳提取工艺,本实验以脱脂\     

植物种子油脂合成代谢及其关键酶的研究进展

植物种子油脂是脂肪酸和甘油合成的高级脂肪酸甘油酯,主要以三酰甘油的形式储存于种子里。植物脂肪酸和三酰甘油具有重要的生理功能,其生物合成途径复杂:在质体中进行脂肪酸的从头合成,合成的脂肪酸运送到内质网中进行三酰甘油组装,期间还涉及脂肪酸的去饱和。本文综述了植物脂肪酸生物合成、三酰甘油合成与调节过程中的关键酶,并对WRI、LEC、Dof等调控因子对合成过程中关键酶的调控作用进行综述,对植物种子油脂代谢遗传工程应用研究有较大的意义。     

Physico-Chemical,antioxidant activities,textural, and sensory properties of yoghurt fortified with different states and rates of pomegranate seeds (Punica granatum L.)

This study examines the effects of incorporating fresh, frozen, osmodehydrated, and dried pomegranate seeds, at different concentrations (5, 10, and 20%) on the physicochemical, antioxidant, textural, and sensory properties of yoghurt. Antioxidant activity, pH, acidity, syneresis, and color of yoghurt were also evaluated during the storage (28 days) at 4°C. The principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to assess the correlations between different yoghurt formulation and their sensory attributes. Data showed that the addition of pomegranate seeds reduced pH and modified the chromatics coordinate (L*, a*, b*, C*, h°) and firmness of the yoghurt samples. In addition, acidity, °Brix, and syneresis increased compared to the control. Thanks to their high anthocyanin content, pomegranate seeds considerably improved the antioxidant activity essentially for yoghurt enriched with frozen seeds. In addition, the supplementation of 20% of frozen seeds into yoghurt was the most appreciated by panelists and improved the sensory properties in comparison to other formulation. According to PCA, taste and appearance were the main criteria for the overall acceptability of yoghurt. After 28 days of storage, the reddish color was reinforced; however, the antioxidant activity of yoghurts was reduced. Overall, it can be concluded that pomegranate seeds can be used as a natural ingredient to develop a novel yoghurt with high nutritional properties.     

葡萄籽油的营养价值与生物活性综述

酿酒葡萄皮渣是葡萄酒加工副产物,包括葡萄皮、果梗和葡萄籽,其中葡萄籽中富含多酚、维生素、植物甾醇、不饱和脂肪酸等营养成分,具有极高的利用价值。该文在查阅大量国内外相关文献资料的基础上,详细阐述了葡萄籽油的营养价值、生理活性和利用现状,并对未来我国葡萄籽油的综合利用进行了展望,以期能为我国酿酒葡萄皮渣的有效利用提供一定的参考。     

小茴香籽油包合物对泡菜发酵过程的影响

小茴香籽油是公认的抗菌剂,但因其低水溶性、强挥发性和刺鼻的气味限制了其在食品领域的应用。实验以β-环糊精包合小茴香籽油制得包合物,考察包合物作为天然抗菌剂对于泡菜保质期和品质的影响。在10℃发酵条件下,测定15d内添加不同包合物浓度(0.0%~1.0%)的泡菜pH、可滴定酸度、微生物变化和感官试验变化。结果表明,小茴香籽油包合物可延缓泡菜pH,可滴定酸度的变化速率,抑制总微生物、乳酸菌的生长,同时,结合感观分析结果,推荐0.5%浓度小茴香籽油包合物处理泡菜。     

谷粒湿热处理对薏仁米淀粉形态、结构与热特性的影响

为了研究薏仁米除淀粉外的其他营养组分对水和热的屏障作用,对3 种薏仁米（大粒薏仁米（big Coix seed,BCS）、小粒薏仁米（small Coix seed,SCS）和半透明薏仁米（translucent Coix seed,TCS））进行湿热处理,分离提取得到薏仁米谷粒湿热处理（heat-moisture treatment,HMT）淀粉,运用扫描电子显微镜、普通光学显微镜、激光粒度仪、X射线衍射仪、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、差示扫描量热仪等对HMT淀粉进行测定,比较处理前后淀粉的差异,探究HMT对淀粉形态、大小、结构、热特性的影响。结果表明,HMT使得淀粉颗粒表面破损、气孔增大、偏光十字减弱,淀粉双螺旋结构、结晶区和无定形区被破坏,淀粉与淀粉分子、蛋白质、脂类等的作用加强,淀粉分子有不同程度的重排。这些变化使得淀粉凝胶温度升高,晶体内异质性减弱,解螺旋所需能量下降,其中BCS淀粉的变化较小,直链淀粉含量高的TCS淀粉受HMT影响最大。因此,应依据HMT前后不同淀粉的变化在加工过程中进行合理的应用。     

Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) by-products and their impact: from bioactive compounds to biomass energy and sorbent material for removing contaminants. A review

Avocado industry produces enormous by-products and represents an important source of raw material in food and non-food applications. This review aims to focus the attention on the valorisation of avocado wastes recycling to produce different materials with important industrial and environmental impacts. In fact, peels and seeds can be reused in food and cosmetic fields due to the presence of bioactive ingredients such as polyphenols; thanks to their antioxidant and antinflammatory activities. In addition, both peels and seeds can be reused in the production of carbonaceous materials with important consequences for environmental pollution in the removal of contaminants from water. Interesting applications of avocado wastes in photocatalysis and biofuel production are also discussed. All the utilisations attest the great potential of recycling avocado by-products, a little known resource.     

非线性化学指纹图谱在大豆品种鉴定中的应用

市场上大豆种子品种多样,质量参差不齐,实现对大豆品种快速、准确、可靠地鉴定,对保障农民利益及种子质量管理有极为重要的意义。本文利用非线性化学指纹图谱技术结合模式识别的方法对10种常见的大豆品种进行了鉴定研究。结果表明:不同品种的大豆种子,其化学指纹图谱的特征参数差异较大,在聚类分析及主成分分析中均能被准确分离鉴定;而属同一品种下的不同批次的大豆种子,其图谱特征参数差异较小(最大相对标准差为3.3%),在聚类分析及主成分分析中均被成功归为一类。因此,非线性化学指纹图谱技术是一种新型有效地鉴定大豆品种的分析方法。