紫草籽油的超临界CO2萃取及其脂肪酸含量分析

利用超临界CO2萃取技术,对紫草籽进行了萃取操作,得到紫草籽油,并利用毛细管气相色谱法,对脂肪酸含量进行了分析,为亚麻酸的进一步分离纯化提供了基础数据.分析结果表明,紫草籽油中饱和脂肪酸占7.9%,不饱和脂肪酸占91.3%,α-亚麻酸占30.2%,γ-亚麻酸占13.8%.     

Preservation of biological materials under desiccation

A number of life forms, including seeds, certain nematodes, bacterial and fungal spores, and cysts of certain crustaceans, show an ability to survive desiccation. The present article reviews the literature available on this subject and critically evaluates the evidence for various mechanisms that may be responsible for these phenomena. Specific mechanisms considered include vitrification (glass formation) by sugars and other polyhydroxy compounds that are accumulated by the desiccated structures, specific effects of polyhydroxy compounds on membranes, effect of “compatible solutes” on conformation of key proteins, as well as other biochemical mechanisms.

The article presents potential applications relevant to food technology and to biotechnology and reviews the research required to materialize more effective use of desiccation in food and biopreservation.     

南、北芡实提取物的抗氧化活性比较及其GC-MS分析

用80%乙醇、95%甲醇、正丁醇、乙酸乙酯、氯仿、石油醚等溶剂分别提取南、北芡实中抗氧化活性物质,比较了不同提取物对体外清除DPPH.、羟自由基(.OH)及超氧自由基(O2.-)的效果,并利用GC-MS对南、北芡实抗氧化提取物中主要成分进行了分析。试验结果表明:不同溶剂的芡实提取物都具有抗氧化作用,但能力存在差异。南芡95%甲醇提取物清除DPPH.能力最佳,而北芡正丁醇提取物清除能力最佳。二者80%乙醇和95%甲醇提取物均具有较好的清除DPPH.、羟自由基(.OH)、超氧阴离子自由基(O2.-)能力。GC-MS分析结果表明,南、北芡实抗氧化提取物的主要成分和含量不同,但均含有甾醇类和生育酚类化合物;另外还有多种含不饱和键的酰胺类、酯类等物质。南芡95%甲醇、80%乙醇和石油醚提取物中生育酚类化合物和绝大部分甾醇含量高于北芡;北芡正丁醇和乙酸乙酯提取物中生育酚含量高于南芡。     

菠萝蜜种子淀粉颗粒性质的研究

以菠萝蜜种子为原料,提取并纯化菠萝蜜种子淀粉,对菠萝蜜种子淀粉的颗粒形貌、X-光衍射图样、直链和支链淀粉含量、溶解度和膨胀度、淀粉糊的冻融稳定性等特性进行了研究。结果表明:菠萝蜜种子淀粉颗粒的大小为5～25μm,平均粒径为15μm,多呈半球形和球形,具典型的偏光十字;淀粉颗粒的晶体结构属C型;用偏十字消光法测定淀粉糊化温度,糊化起始、终止温度分别为68.2、78.3℃;该淀粉的直、支链淀粉分别为24.2%、75.8%;菠萝蜜种子淀粉的溶解度和膨胀度不同于玉米和马铃薯淀粉,其膨胀度在76℃以后迅速增加并大于玉米淀粉,更相似于马铃薯淀粉。     

化学发光法测定原花青素的研究

本文建立了测定葡萄籽提取物中原花青素的流动注射-抑制化学发光分析方法。利用原花青素还原ClO-,抑制ClO--Luminol体系的化学发光,在碱性条件下,其抑制程度的大小与原花青素的浓度在一定范围内呈现良好的线性关系。该方法线性范围为0.08～19.0μg/ml,检出限为0.06μg/ml,11次测定的RSD为1.2%。本法对样品可直接进行测定,不需特殊处理。     

电子鼻技术对不同贮藏条件银杏果挥发性组分的比较

为了分析不同的贮藏条件银杏果中挥发性组分的性质,采用电子鼻对不同材料包装和不同保鲜剂处理后的银杏果挥发性气味进行检测,并对所得数据进行分析。采用不同材料包装的银杏果,传感器主成分1和主成分2的累积方差贡献率为99.44%,鉴别指数达到94;采用不同保鲜剂处理的银杏果,传感器主成分1和主成分2的累积方差贡献率为99.48%,鉴别指数达到86。结果表明：采用不同包装材料和不同保鲜剂处理的银杏果在贮藏一段时间后气味均有较大差异,运用电子鼻能够很好地将其区分。电子鼻对经过不同材料包装贮藏和不同保鲜剂处理贮藏的银杏果挥发性气味反应灵敏,可以用于银杏果气味分析。     

中国野生菰米对大鼠血脂及炎性因子表达的影响

目的：研究中国野生菰米对高脂膳食诱导的胰岛素抵抗大鼠血脂浓度以及炎性因子水平的影响。方法：50 只雄性SD大鼠随机分成阴性对照组,胰岛素抵抗模型组,高、低剂量菰米组和米面组。连续喂养8 周,实验前、后测定各组大鼠的体质量及总胆固醇（total cholesterol,TC）、甘油三酯（triglyceride,TG）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（low density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C）和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C）浓度,同时测定高敏C反应蛋白（hypersensitive C-reactive protein,hs-CRP）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（tumor necrosis factor,TNF-α）、白介素-6（interleukin-6,IL-6）含量,用SPSS 18.0软件对数据进行统计分析。结果：高剂量菰米组大鼠与米面组及胰岛素抵抗模型组大鼠相比,HDL-C浓度显著上升（P＜0.05）,体质量和TC、TG、LDL-C浓度均显著下降（P＜0.05）。与胰岛素抵抗模型组相比,高剂量菰米组的TNF-α及IL-6含量显著下降（P＜0.05）。与阴性对照组相比,低、高剂量菰米组IL-6含量均显著升高（P＜0.05）。结论：中国野生菰米具有改善高脂膳食诱导的大鼠胰岛素抵抗作用,该作用的机制可能是通过降低血脂浓度,调节炎性因子的表达,从而改善胰岛素抵抗。     

甜瓜种子性状及甜瓜籽油中角鲨烯含量研究

采用气相色谱法等对黄色马泡瓜、包瓜等30个甜瓜品种角鲨烯含量进行测定。种子形态特征及相关性分析得知百粒重与面积比和角鲨烯含量均成极显著相关水平,但百粒重与面积比的极显著关系为负相关,即面积比越大,百粒重越小,而角鲨烯含量却随着百粒重的增加有所增加。这30个品种甜瓜籽油中角鲨烯的含量较高(641.7~2 858.3 mg/kg),经主成分分析表明,共有4个主成分对其贡献率较大。在此基础上进行聚类分析可以将其分为4类,其中第一、二类群,面积比和单个重量较小,但角鲨烯含量较高,第三、四类群则长/宽均值较大,角鲨烯含量较高。     

高效液相色谱法测定不同产地湘莲中荷叶碱、 莲心碱、芦丁的含量

目的建立高效液相色谱法同时测定湘莲中荷叶碱、莲心碱、芦丁的方法。方法在酸性条件下超声提取3种待测组分。色谱条件如下:C_(18)(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)色谱柱;流动相:甲醇-0.1 mol/L乙酸铵(用乙二胺调节pH值至7.5~8.0)(55:45,V:V);流速:1.0 m L/min;检测波长:275 nm;柱温30℃;进样量10μL。结果荷叶碱、莲心碱、芦丁分别在7.636~152.7μg/mL(r~2=0.9999,n=5)、7.543~150.9μg/mL(r~2=0.9995,n=5)、7.543~150.9μg/mL(r~2=0.9998,n=5)范围内线性关系良好,加标回收率为96.9%~100.5%之间,相对标准偏差(relative standard deviation,RSD)为1.1%~1.4%。结论该法同时测定湘莲中荷叶碱、莲心碱、芦丁,简单快速,定量准确,可以为评价不同产地湘莲功效成分提供参考。     

Characterisation of phenolic components present in raw and roasted wattle (Acacia victoriae Bentham) seeds

The effect of roasting on the phenolic components of Australian wattle (Acacia victoriae Bentham) seed was investigated. Wattle seeds were roasted at 200 °C for 5–30 min and ground to flour, which were then extracted with 70% acetone. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the extracts were determined, and the phenolic components were analysed by reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) coupled with an on-line post-column reaction system to determine the active antioxidant peaks. The major peaks were then purified by preparative HPLC and identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis. Roasting of wattle seeds resulted in significant increases in its soluble phenolic content. The concentration of total phenolics and flavonoids in the seeds roasted for 30 min was more than nine and four times higher, respectively, than that in the raw seeds. The major phenolic acids present in wattle seeds were found to be succinic and gallic acids, the concentration of which increased by up to 10-fold as a result of roasting.