Stepwise‐refinement for performance: a methodology for many‐core programming

Many‐core hardware is targeted specifically at obtaining high performance, but reaching high performance is often challenging because hardware‐specific details have to be taken into account. Although there are many programming systems that try to alleviate many‐core programming, some providing a high‐level language, others providing a low‐level language for control, none of these systems have a clear and systematic methodology as a foundation. In this article, we propose stepwise‐refinement for performance: a novel, clear, and structured methodology for obtaining high performance on many‐cores. We present a system that supports this methodology, offers multiple levels of abstraction to provide programmers a trade‐off between high‐level and low‐level programming, and provides programmers detailed performance feedback. We evaluate our methodology with several widely varying compute kernels on two different many‐core architectures: a Graphical Processing Unit (GPU) and the Xeon Phi. We show that our methodology gives insight in the performance, and that in almost all cases, we gain a substantial performance improvement using our methodology. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Aeration and gutter water levels in siphonic roof drainage systems

An investigation is presented into how negative system pressures, the degree of aeration, and gutter water levels are affected by the number of outlets in a siphonic roof drainage system. The experimental results show that system pressures decrease if outlets are blocked. It is also shown that the depth of water above an outlet is strongly influenced by the negative pressure acting at the outlet. As the suction effect at the outlet increases, due to lower system pressures, more water and air will be drawn into the outlets and this will result in a corresponding increase in overall gutter water depth. The results also show that there is often built-in redundancy in multiple outlet siphonic systems experiencing lower-intensity rainfall events, and if one or two outlets were blocked, the system would still operate satisfactorily. A new outlet suppressor was trialled and this was shown to reduce gutter water levels by up to 58% at some positions in the gutter.

Il est présenté une enquête sur la manière dont les pressions négatives dans le système concerné, le degré d'aération et les niveaux d'eau dans les chéneaux sont affectés par le nombre d'orifices de sortie dans un système d'écoulement des eaux de toit par siphonnage. Les résultats expérimentaux montrent que les pressions dans le système diminuent si des orifices de sortie sont obturés. Il est également montré que la profondeur de l'eau au-dessus d'un orifice de sortie est fortement influencée par la pression négative s'exerçant à l'orifice de sortie. Plus l'effet de succion à l'orifice de sortie augmente, en raison des pressions plus faibles dans le système, et plus les quantités d'air et d'eau entraînées dans les orifices de sortie seront importantes, et cela aura pour résultat une augmentation correspondante de la profondeur générale de l'eau dans les chéneaux. Les résultats montrent également qu'il existe souvent une redondance intégrée dans les systèmes à siphons comportant des orifices de sortie multiples et soumis à des épisodes pluvieux de faible intensité, et que si un ou deux orifices de sortie sont obturés, le système fonctionne encore de manière satisfaisante. Un nouvel obturateur d'orifice de sortie a été essayé, ce qui a permis de montrer que celui-ci réduit dans une proportion allant jusqu'à 58 % en certains points les niveaux d'eau dans les chéneaux.

Mots clés: aération, niveaux d'eau dans les chéneaux, pressions négatives, écoulement des eaux de toit par siphonnage     

Investigation of ductile iron casting process parameters using Taguchi approach and response surface methodology

To find the optimized levels of various casting parameters in the ductile iron casting, various casting defects and the rejection rate were observed from a medium scale foundry. The controlled values of different casting parameters such as pouring temperature, inoculation, carbon equivalent, moisture content, green compression strength, permeability and mould hardness were selected. Three different melts of metal with 0.4wt.%, 0.6wt.%, and 0.8wt.% inoculation(Fe-Si-Mg alloy and post inoculant) were produced using a 1-ton capacity coreless medium frequency induction furnace. L-27 orthogonal array with 3-level settings were chosen for the analysis. Responses for each run were observed. The signal-to-noise(S/N) ratio for each run was calculated using the Taguchi approach, and the optimized levels of different casting parameters were identified based on the S/N ratio. The analysis of variance for the casting acceptance percentage concludes that inoculation is the most significant factor affecting the castings' quality with a contribution percentage of 44%; an increase in inoculation results in a significant improvement in acceptance percentage of ductile iron castings. The experiment results showed that with the optimized parameters, the rejection rate was reduced from 16.98% to 6.07%.     

通风管理FPVS系统及其应用研究

应用新型数据库系统及先进算法语言，研制出通风管理ＦＰＶＳ系统。在通风网络解析方面，采用“通路法”及“节点邻接分支矩阵余子式法”，取得了很好效果。运行正常，输出结果准确，对安全生产和防止事故起到很好作用，经济效益明显。     

Macroinvertebrate assemblages of littoral habitats in the Macquarie and Mersey rivers,Tasmania: Implications for the management of regulated rivers

Littoral habitats in large rivers are influenced to varying degrees by changes in discharge. Irrigation abstractions can increase the amount of habitat that would naturally be dewatered during low flow periods and therefore it is important to have some knowledge of the potential impact this may have on riverine macroinvertebrates. The macroinvertebrate assemblages of common littoral habitats in riffles, pools and runs in two reaches each of the Macquarie and Mersey Rivers, northern Tasmania, Australia were compared from samples collected during the low flow and irrigation season, between December 1991 and April 1992. The area under water of these habitats, riffle substrata, macrophyte beds and coarse woody debris, responded differently to changes in discharge. Within a reach, the same taxonomic groups often dominated the total number of macroinvertebrates for all habitats, but there were differences in the proportions contributed by these taxa to the different habitats. In general, taxa characteristic of slow-flowing or lentic habitats, such as ostracods and amphipods, were dominant in macrophyte beds in pools and runs, whereas taxa such as larval elmid beetles and hydropsychid caddisflies were dominant in riffles. A substantial component of the fauna from each habitat within a reach was unique to that habitat, but there was always a similar number of taxa common to all habitats. Classification and ordination grouped samples from both rivers firstly by habitat and secondly by month and reach. Total density and family richness of invertebrates differed by reach, habitat and month in both rivers, except for richness in the Mersey River where habitat was not significant. Differences in densities and numbers of invertebrate families among habitats were not consistent between reaches for each river. This study has highlighted the differences in macroinvertebrate assemblages of several littoral habitats in two lowland rivers in Tasmania. Differences in taxonomic composition, density and richness among habitats within reaches strongly imply the uniqueness of these habitats in terms of the invertebrate faunas that occupy them. We suggest that if maintenance of biotic diversity is an aim of instream flow management, water allocations that address low flows should place a high priority on the maintenance of a diversity of habitats.     

中小城镇中心区的更新与改造初探--以陕西蒲城县中心区城市设计为例

中小城镇中心区是全镇居民的活动核心和对外窗口,其更新和改造是城镇建设的重中之重,对整个城镇的吸引力和稳定性产生重要影响。该文对陕西省蒲城县中心区城市设计进行深入思考,试图从空间层次、文化氛围和活动支持这三个具体操作层面入手探讨一套“适宜于中小型历史文化城镇中心区的设计方法”。     

基于阈值动态分配空闲灰度级的红外图像增强

分析了直方图均衡化增强算法的优缺点,并结合红外图像的特点对其简并的缺点提出了改进措施.利用全局灰度均值法得到阈值,并依据该阈值将图像灰度分为背景段和目标段,接着将空闲灰度级动态分配给背景段和目标段,最后利用局域直方图均衡化方法对背景段和目标段分别进行增强,从而达到减少简并可能性的目的.     

一种基于DV-HOP改进的无线传感器网络定位算法

针对无线传感器网络中经典定位算法DV-HOP定位精度低的缺陷,提出改进算法。该算法采用新的方式计算未知节点与锚节点的距离,提出锚节点信任度的概念,并利用加权最小二乘法计算节点坐标。Matlab仿真实验结果表明,在相同网络环境下,该算法能有效减小距离计算带来的定位误差,提高定位精度。     

500 kV同杆双回线路雷电反击性能的研究

利用Bergeron特征线法,编程对同杆双回交流500kV输电线路的反击耐雷性能进行了详细的计算和分析,考了雷击塔顶时导线上交流工频电压的随机性,利用统计法确定超高压线路的反击耐雷性能。并分析了接地电阻对同杆双回线路耐雷水平的影响。