某导弹虚拟训练系统地形建模技术研究

为了建立某导弹训练系统虚拟环境,探讨了大面积地形建模的方法及需要注意的问题,并应用细节层次模型和减少多边形数量等方法对模型的实时显示性能进行优化。建立了某导弹阵地的地形数据库,生成的地形数据库精细、逼真性好,能满足某导弹虚拟训练系统的需要。     

STRUCTURING THE ORGANIZATION OF PARTIAL MODELS†

Abstract

An organization of partial models is a system in which no one model can answer all questions about a real large-scale system, but where there is a means of determining whether there is a model appropriate to a given question and if so indicating which it is. The structuring of such an organization based on the theory of modelling and simulation is discussed.     

层次分析法在管理决策中的应用

运用层资分析法求得权重,通过对权重大小的比较,对实际问题进行了决策。     

基于信息不对称的研究生学习质量甄别模型

剖析研究生学习质量甄别过程中信息不对称问题,结合激励机制理论,构造多段逆向选择模型,实现按阶段求解。通过分析研究生不同阶段的课程成绩,甄别各阶段成绩真实性,阐述低水平学习质量的研究生假装高水平将会降低奖励效果。通过贝叶斯公式以及极大值定理给出数学模型以及求解。结果表明,在信息不对称情况下,通过预先设计合理的奖励措施和补偿可以使研究生尽可能表现出自己的真实水平,提高研究生培养单位的奖励效果。     

Bounded confidence opinion dynamics with opinion leaders and environmental noises

Opinion dynamics is a kind of collective decision-making process and focuses on the study of evolution and formation of opinions within a human society. Particularly, bounded confidence rule is one of intrinsic interaction principles in the opinion dynamics. In this paper, a leader–follower opinion dynamics model is built, with the help of the bounded confidence rule, to consider the opinion formation of a community, which is constituted of opinion leaders and opinion followers. At the same time, environmental uncertainties are considered in the opinion formation and called as environmental noises, which are modeled as Gaussian stochastic processes. All the agents are assumed to have heterogeneous confidence levels. Then the impacts of the opinion leaders and the environmental noises on the final opinions of the opinion followers are analyzed. Finally, some simulation results are presented to demonstrate the collective opinion evolution in three cases: no opinion leader, single opinion leader and multiple opinion leaders.     

北京地区PM_(2.5)质量浓度分布及其与气象条件影响关系分析

近些年来,随着城市规模的扩大及工商业的发展,雾霾污染越来越严重。作为产生雾霾天气的主要原因之一,PM_(2.5)受到了空前的关注。在一定条件下,污染物的生成、积累和扩散主要取决于气象条件。因此,本文收集了2009年2月18日至2013年12月31日期间北京市PM_(2.5)质量浓度监测资料和同期气象观测资料,根据PM_(2.5)的实际分布情况,研究了北京市PM_(2.5)污染状况及其与气象条件的相互影响关系,为北京市PM_(2.5)监测和污染防治提供参考。结果表明,北京市PM_(2.5)质量浓度呈现明显的非正态分布,年均污染水平在100μg·m~(-3)左右。风速、相对湿度和日照时数等气象条件对于细颗粒物的污染程度有着较显著的影响。风速低,相对湿度高时,会导致PM_(2.5)的积累,从而降低了日照时数。同时,北京地区特殊的地形使得西北风下颗粒物能够较快扩散。     

师范生计算机基础课教学策略

刚进师范的新生有来自教育资源相对落后的农村,也有来自现代都市,他们的计算机操作水平参差不齐,有的连鼠标都不太会用,有的却是“电脑高手”,每个班级基本上都有这两类学生,在教计算机基础这门课时如何兼顾这两类学生把握好教学进度是很多老师头痛的问题。     

影响雷达阵地选择的因素权系数研究

本文采用层次分析法对影响雷达阵地选择的地形、战术、生存等因素及其子因素进行了分析与研究,确定了在选择雷达阵地时对这些因素考虑的权系数。分析结果表明,采用层次分析法确定各类因素在阵地选择中的权重,比专家指定法和效用函数法更加客观、方便,能满足快速决策的要求。     

On the Morality of Artificial Agents

Artificial agents (AAs), particularly but not only those in Cyberspace, extend the class of entities that can be involved in moral situations. For they can be conceived of as moral patients (as entities that can be acted upon for good or evil) and also as moral agents (as entities that can perform actions, again for good or evil). In this paper, we clarify the concept of agent and go on to separate the concerns of morality and responsibility of agents (most interestingly for us, of AAs). We conclude that there is substantial and important scope, particularly in Computer Ethics, for the concept of moral agent not necessarily exhibiting free will, mental states or responsibility. This complements the more traditional approach, common at least since Montaigne and Descartes, which considers whether or not (artificial) agents have mental states, feelings, emotions and so on. By focussing directly on mind-less morality we are able to avoid that question and also many of the concerns of Artificial Intelligence. A vital component in our approach is the Method of Abstraction for analysing the level of abstraction (LoA) at which an agent is considered to act. The LoA is determined by the way in which one chooses to describe, analyse and discuss a system and its context. The Method of Abstraction is explained in terms of an interface or set of features or observables at a given LoA. Agenthood, and in particular moral agenthood, depends on a LoA. Our guidelines for agenthood are: interactivity (response to stimulus by change of state), autonomy (ability to change state without stimulus) and adaptability (ability to change the transition rules by which state is changed) at a given LoA. Morality may be thought of as a threshold defined on the observables in the interface determining the LoA under consideration. An agent is morally good if its actions all respect that threshold; and it is morally evil if some action violates it. That view is particularly informative when the agent constitutes a software or digital system, and the observables are numerical. Finally we review the consequences for Computer Ethics of our approach. In conclusion, this approach facilitates the discussion of the morality of agents not only in Cyberspace but also in the biosphere, where animals can be considered moral agents without their having to display free will, emotions or mental states, and in social contexts, where systems like organizations can play the role of moral agents. The primary cost of this facility is the extension of the class of agents and moral agents to embrace AAs.     

CBE模式下的FLASH案例教学

该文依照高职教育培养实践能力强的高等技术应用型人才的目标,借用基于能力的教育模式CBE,并据其专业培养目标设计程序调查了FLASH动画设计与制作的就业岗位、岗位职责、岗位能力,提出了以案例教学法实践其培养目标素质规格的做法,以向社会输送其需要的能熟练操作FLASH软件、有学习能力、表达能力、沟通能力、协作能力和创新能力的合格职业技术人才。