Towards a multi-levelled social process perspective on firm innovation: integrating micro,meso and macro concepts of knowledge creation

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to suggest a framework for studying firm innovation processes in a social process perspective that integrates the micro, meso and macro levels of analysis, that is, the knowledge creation of individuals/communities, the knowledge coordination of organisations, and the spatial–institutional contextualisation of knowledge. For this purpose, we suggest using as a starting point the so-called Combinatorial Knowledge Bases approach, which allows merging concepts about micro practices and macro contexts in an effective way. The suggested framework pays attention to different phases in the entire innovation process, characterised by different (micro) learning modes, situated in varying (macro) contexts and delineated by organisational (meso-level) choices, therefore enabling an integrated approach to the studying of firm innovation. To illustrate the potentials of applying the framework we present a process-oriented in-depth empirical case study of an innovation, following it from idea generation to market introduction by means of an innovation biography method.     

三层次互动情感体验在叉车内饰设计中的研究

目的以叉车内饰设计为实例,探索情感化设计理论的三个层次的互动指导在工程机械产品设计中的应用。方法结合产品的市场定位,讨论三层次情感体验的设计实现及相互影响,论述互动的三层次情感化体验在叉车内饰产品的设计流程中,以实现美与功能的恰当融合。结论三层次互动情感体验的应用可以帮助工程机械产品在设计上有所突破,在外观及功能的设计中始终围绕统一的设计主旨,能够塑造内外一致的产品形象,以满足用户对产品日益精进的审美要求。     

远海船舶噪声分布初步研究

舰船数量、吨位以及航行距离的急剧上升导致了海洋环境噪声级大幅度升高,对海洋环境的影响也日趋加重。但是当前的海洋环境噪声研究所使用的历史航船数据库的信息却非常匮乏且无法及时更新,不能反映出船舶噪声真实的变化情况。此外,对于远离岸边的海域,岸基船舶自动识别系统(Automatic Identification System,AIS)与雷达无法监测到,卫星AIS技术的不成熟导致了船舶数据时效性和完整性的严重不足。因此,尚无可用的远海大范围的船舶数据。为了解决远海船舶数据缺乏的问题,提出了一种基于多源AIS数据的数据融合方法,根据某海域在某个时间段内收到的所有AIS信息,处理后进行融合,融合结果可以得到任一时刻该海域的船舶分布情况,进而可计算出该海域的区域船舶噪声级。     

Simultaneous Boost of Power Factor and Figure‐of‐Merit in In–Cu Codoped SnTe

Significantly enhanced thermoelectric performance is achieved for eco‐friendly SnTe by a coorperative effect between a dopant resonant energy level and interstitial defects. By manipulating the band structure through indium doping, the Seebeck coefficient is remarkably improved, leading to an enhanced power factor, with a high level of ≈29 µW cm^?1 K^?2 at 873 K. Lattice thermal conductivity is sharply reduced, approaching the amorphous limit, through the strong phonon scattering induced by multiple scales of Cu₂Te nanoprecipitates, as well as Cu interstitials, leading to a high ZT value of ≈1.55 at 873 K.     

基于“双评价”的市县级国土空间“三区三线”技术方法探讨

国土空间规划编制要求以资源环境承载力评价和国土空间开发适宜性评价(以下简称"双评价")作为对国土空间格局和"三区三线"划定的重要支撑依据。本文旨在探讨"双评价"结果与"三区三线"划定如何科学合理对接,并对市县级国土空间"三区三线"的细化进行探讨。提出,"双评价"是国土空间规划的预判,"三区三线"需要结合地区的整体战略进行因地制宜的多视角研究,才能得到科学合理的结果。"双评价"预判需要与现行管控边界、发展实际进行校核,应遵循"生态保护红线只增不减"、"基本农田总量不变"、"城镇开发边界集约利用"等基本原则,最终明确国土空间的"三区三线"。建议国土空间以"三区一网络"全域全覆盖的功能分区、以"三线一附加"的细化"三线"刚性控制线体系来实现统筹管控,构建覆盖全域、上下传导的空间控制体系。     

A simple method to estimate lake phosphorus concentrations resulting from natural, background, loadings

The relation of mean total phosphorus concentrations to morphoedaphic index (calculated as the ratio between the mean depth and the alkalinity or the conductivity) has been examined for a large, diverse, widely distributed group of lakes.A highly significant correlation was found in lakes practically not affected by anthropogenic input of phosphorus. As a consequence the phosphorus concentration in a lake resulting from natural, background, loading could be calculated on the basis of the morphoedaphic index. The evaluation of natural phosphorus concentration allows the prediction of the maximum extent to which actual phosphorus concentrations could be reduced in culturally eutrophied lakes by eliminating the anthropogenic inputs and to calculate “permissible” loadings necessary to achieve natural trophic conditions that will not necessarily correspond to oligotrophy.     

方寸之中见无极——城市小建筑细节与空间建构漫谈

本文主要研究城市小型建筑的现状，并在此基础上，从细节设计、空间设计、功能整合三大设计手段方面对现有小型建筑进行归类研究，探讨其中的设计亮点及创新之处，肯定城市当中数量不多的可建造空间内数量不多的小建筑的存在价值。     

杆端弯矩直接计算法

根据位移法计算无侧移刚架和连续梁的原理，以杆端弯矩为基本未知量，建立了杆端弯矩方程基本式和等效结点力矩分配矩阵，便于计算和编制计算机程序．     

城市建筑火灾损失与防火安全水平的评价

城市建筑火灾损失的评价旨在对建筑物的各种存在状态和潜在的火灾危害进行一种理论分析和实际评价。对不同类型的建筑物和实际存在的防火安全度，提出了消防安全资金投入比例的一种理论计算方法。通过对几种火灾安全评估模型的分析，确定用表格数值的方法去评价我国现有的建筑防火安全水平，并以此为基础，讨论了城市防火安全评定的有关问题。     

Trace metals in Shatt al-Arab River,Iraq

The distribution of 10 trace metals Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, V and Zn have been determined along the northern section of the Shatt al-Arab River, Iraq. Analyses were carried out, employing a flameless AAS instrument. The mean concentrations of the dissolved species were as follows (expressed in μg l^?1): 0.25 Cd, 0.9 Cu, 716 Fe, 1.3 Mn, 0.3 Pb, 0.2 V and 1.8 Zn. Mean concentrations of Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, V and Zn in the particulate matter were 55.2, 6.0, 188, 77, 31 472, 1731, 3807, 93, 207 and 77 μg g^?1 respectively. In the exchangeable fraction of the sediment were 0.15, 5.5, 11.1, 11.9, 1625, 482, 42, 30.5, 25.7 and 6 μg g^?1, whereas in the residual were 0.025, 11.5, 96.1, 22, 5176, 258, 613, 3.9, 162 and 56.8 μg g^?1 respectively. Thus, the exchangeable trace metals represent the following mean percentage of the total; 75% Cd, 33% Co, 10% Cr, 34% Cu, 24% Fe, 63% Mn, 7% Ni, 74% Pb, 14% V and 23% Zn. The concentration of Ni and V were relatively high, this was attributed to the petroleum-rich deposits of the region. The concentrations observed for other metals were lower or equal to those reported for control sites except for Pb which was slightly higher. The data obtained were subjected to simple linear regression analysis and expressed in the form of correlation coefficients. It was found that the inter-elemental relationships are rather complex.