L-抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯的合成研究进展

L-抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯是优良的天然抗氧化剂。综述了L-抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯合成研究进展，归纳了L-抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯的几种合成方法，如化学合成法和酶催化法，为其合成研究提供一些线索。     

国产碱性脂肪酶的测定方法及特性研究

对几种国产脂肪酶的酶学特性进行了研究,并以酸碱滴定法对碱性脂肪酶的测定方法进行了探讨。结果表明:底物的乳化均匀程度对酶活力的测定有一定的影响,在α为0.05、经T检验得到:乳化、非乳化条件下及乳化液和缓冲液分开吸取和混合液乳化后吸取存在显著差异。SZ酶、SZX酶、SH酶在相同底物浓度下的最佳作用pH分别为9.0、8.9、9.1;最佳作用温度为35℃、35℃和45℃;达到最高活性所用的反应时间分别为15、10和10min。     

柿单宁的体外降胆固醇作用

采用分光光度法和气相色谱法研究了柿单宁对胰脂酶活性和胆固醇酯酶活性的抑制作用,以及柿单宁与胆汁酸、胆固醇的结合能力。结果表明：柿单宁对胰脂酶具有显著的抑制效果,其半数抑制浓度（half inhibitoryconcentration,IC50）为（0.445±0.021） mg/mL;抑制类型为非竞争性抑制,抑制常数Ki为0.406 mg/mL;柿单宁对胆固醇酯酶也具有显著的抑制作用,其半数抑制浓度IC50为（0.442±0.017）mg/mL,抑制类型为非竞争性抑制,抑制常数Ki为0.488 mg/mL。不同质量浓度的柿单宁对胆酸（cholic acid,CA）、脱氧胆酸（deoxycholic acid,DCA）都有一定的结合能力,10 mg/mL的单宁与CA、DCA的结合率分别为58%和94%;柿单宁对胆固醇胶束化溶液有较强的结合能力,0.20 mg/mL的单宁对其抑制率达到了67%。另外,在不同的pH值下,柿单宁对胆固醇都有一定的结合作用,其中pH 7.0时的结合能力明显强于pH 2.0时的结合能力。总之,柿单宁可抑制胰脂酶活性和胆固醇酯酶活性,并与胆固醇和胆汁酸结合,减少胃肠道对脂肪的吸收,这可能是柿单宁在体内发挥强降胆固醇作用的原因之一。     

Enhancement of Release of Short-Chain Fatty Acids from Milk Fat with Immobilized Microbial Lipase

Candida cylindracea or Rhizopus arrhizus lipase was entrapped in polymer gels prepared from photo-cross-linkable resin prepolymers. The immobilized enzyme was used in milk fat hydrolysis and effective in enhancing the release of short-chain fatty acids compared with free enzyme. The molar percentage of short-chain fatty acids (butyric acid to capric acid) released in the reaction increased significantly after enzyme immobilization. The gel composed of hydrophobic long-chain prepolymer gave the highest increase, with 5.9-fold and 4.5-fold increases for C. cylindracea and R. arrhizus lipase, respectively. Difference in substrate diffusion rate between milk fat triglycerides may be responsible for this behavior.     

酶催化合成大豆甾醇油酸酯的工艺研究

以大豆甾醇和油酸为原料,在酶的催化下合成大豆甾醇油酸酯,采用高效液相色谱对产物进行定性定量分析,通过单因素实验考察催化剂脂肪酶的种类和用量、醇酸摩尔比、反应温度和反应时间等对大豆甾醇油酸酯产率的影响,并通过正交实验优化大豆甾醇油酸酯的合成工艺条件。采用红外光谱对产物进行了表征。结果表明:大豆甾醇油酸酯的最佳合成工艺条件为催化剂N435脂肪酶用量6%(以大豆甾醇和油酸的总质量计)、醇酸摩尔比1∶1、反应温度50℃、反应时间30 h、异辛烷用量10 mL(大豆甾醇为1 mmol时),在最佳条件下大豆甾醇油酸酯产率为86. 51%;红外表征说明合成的产物为大豆甾醇油酸酯。     

脂肪酶热稳定性改造研究进展

热稳定性改造是脂肪酶酶学性质研究的热点之一,随着技术的发展,越来越多的有效手段被用于脂肪酶热稳定性改造。作者综述了影响脂肪酶热稳定性的主要因素、提高其热稳定性的研究方法以及最新研究成果,为脂肪酶的进一步改造提供依据,并对其他酶的酶学性质改造具有借鉴意义。     

Chemo-enzymatic synthesis of amino acid-based surfactants

The application of lipases to the synthesis of amino acid-based surfactants was investigated. Low yields (2–9%) were obtained in the acylation of free amino acids, such as l-serine and l-lysine, as well as their ethyl esters and amides with fatty acids, owing in part to low miscibility of the reactants. When the N-carbobenzyloxy (Cbz)-l-amino acids were used in an effort to improve miscibility of the amino acid derivatives with the acyl donor, a dramatic improvement was observed for N-Cbz-l-serine (92% yield) but not for N _α-Cbz- or N _ζ-Cbz-l-lysine (7 and 2% yield, respectively). As an alternative, and efficient synthesis of N _ζ-acyl-l-lysines was developed, based on the regiospecific chemical acylation of copper(II) lysinate. In pursuit of a general route to amino acid-fatty acid surfactants, the utility of a polyol linker was investigated. Thus, the glycerol ester of N _α′ N _ζ-di-Cbz-l-lysine was prepared and evaluated as a substrate for acylation. As expected, this and other glycer-1-yl esters of N-protected amino acids were excellent substrates for lipase-catalyzed acylation. Their reaction with myristic acid in the presence of Novozyme resulted in the regioselective acylation of the primary hydroxyl group of the glycerol moiety to afford the corresponding 1-O-(N-Cbz-l-aminoacyl)-3-O-myris-toylglycerols with conversions of 50–90%. These were readily deprotected to give a range of 1-O-(aminoacyl)-3-O-myristoyl-glycerols with overall yields of 27–71%.     

甘油酯型n-3多不饱和脂肪酸富集方法研究进展北大核心CSCD

n-3多不饱和脂肪酸(n-3 PUFA)具有多种生理活性,其主要有3种存在形式,其中甘油酯型n-3 PUFA因其生物利用度高和不易被氧化而优于游离型和乙酯型。然而,目前鲜有对甘油酯型n-3 PUFA进行高纯度富集的方法。为了对甘油酯型n-3 PUFA的高值化更加深入的研究提供参考,综述了富集甘油酯型n-3 PUFA的3种常见方法(物理一步法、两步法和酶一步法)及优缺点。物理一步法可以避免产物氧化,但得率较低;两步法工艺复杂,并有可能产生环境污染;而酶一步法具有简单、高效等优点,成为学者们关注的焦点。现有脂肪酶对甘油酯型n-3 PUFA的富集能力有限,还需进一步发掘富集能力更强的选择性脂肪酶。     

α-亚麻酸单甘酯的合成工艺研究

在溶剂体系中,以亚麻籽油和甘油为反应底物,Lipozyme435为催化剂,制备富含α-亚麻酸的单甘酯,采用单因素实验与响应面分析法考察了制备过程中底物摩尔比、反应时间、油醇比、加酶量和反应温度对单甘酯得率的影响。结果表明,反应的最佳条件为底物摩尔比（亚麻籽油：甘油）=1：3,油醇比为39.66%,加酶量6.01wt%,反应温度为56.11℃,反应时间为10.48 h。在此反应条件下反应所得产物中单甘酯含量约达71.1%,经检验单甘酯中α-亚麻酸的含量达51.36%。     

Enzymatic degradation of esters of dichloropropanols: removal of chlorinated glycerides from processed foods

The esters of dichloropropanols from the byproduct of hydrolysates during food processing were degraded by the cell-free extracts of a dichloropropanol-assimilating bacterium of Pseudomonas sp. OS-K-29. 1-Acyloxy-2,3-dichloropropane was hydrolysed into the corresponding carbonic acid and 2,3-dichloropropanol, and then the dichloropropanol was dechlorinated. The esterase activity of the cell-free extracts was effective for the esters of the dichloropropanols and monoacylglycerides, but not for hydrolysing the lipase substrates such as triacylglycerides and Tween 60. A comparative study using a series of octanoyl glycerides and the esters of the dichlopropanols showed that the substrate specificities of the cell-free extracts were similar to the monoacylglyceride lipase from Penicillium camembertii.