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71.
Thanit Tangcharoen Jiraroj T-Thienprasert Chanapa Kongmark 《International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology》2021,18(4):1125-1143
Using the sol–gel auto combustion method with diethanolamine (DEA) as fuel, a sequence of iron-substituted zinc aluminates, ZnFexAl2-xO4 powders, including variable Fe3+ ion concentrations (0 ≤ x ≤ 2) were effectively prepared. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method, UV–visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-DRS), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) were employed to examine the structures, chemical bonds, morphologies, composition, surface area, and optical properties as well as the magnetic behavior of the obtained samples. A single-phase spinel structure was obtained for the calcined aluminate powders with different interplanar spacing and crystallite sizes, as revealed by the classification results. The bandgap energy (Eg) of adapted aluminates was in the range of 2.04-3.14 eV, identified as being much lower compared to the pure sample (5.60 eV). Thus, Fe3+-substituted ZnAl2O4 samples could be successfully photoexcited using both ultraviolet and visible light, as suggested by the results. Examination of how the four main pollutant types decay when irradiated by sunlight was carried out to assess the samples and establish photocatalytic activity. These contaminants included rhodamine B (RhB), methylene blue (MB), methyl orange (MO), and methyl red (MR). The performance of photocatalytic degradation reached 98% after 150 min for all optimal samples of organic dyes. Besides, each of the altered photocatalysts could be recycled and displayed high stability. The S-shaped curve of ferrimagnetism can result in those samples as found by the magnetic measurements, though pure ZnAl2O4 displays diamagnetic characteristics. The adapted samples show intense improvement in the remanent magnetization (Mr) when compared to pure ZnAl2O4, signifying that magnetic photocatalyst recovery by applying an external magnetic field is easy. Thus, these results offer a convincing sign that ZnAl2O4 powders replaced by Fe3+ could provide the ability to aid in the ecologically friendly collection of solar energy. 相似文献
72.
高效、清洁的氢能被认为是化石能源最有潜力的替代能源之一。制氢方法中电解水制氢是非常简便、且易于规模化的一种方法,但是电解水过程中存在制氢能耗增加、成本升高等问题,因此制备能耗低、具有稳定催化效率的催化剂成为能源领域的研究热点。层状双金属氢氧化物(LDHs)由于具有独特的二维层状结构,使其组成易于调节、结构易于调控,因此具有高效的电催化活性。但是,LDHs存在尺寸大、厚度高的问题,导致电催化剂的活性位点的数目受限、本征活性低和电导率低,最终会影响LDHs的电催化性能。主要论述了LDHs的结构和电解机理以及作为电解水催化剂的研究现状,对目前存在的问题以及解决方法进行了归纳,并对未来的研究方向进行了展望。 相似文献
73.
74.
络合铁-多酚类液相脱硫催化剂氧化-还原行为研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
通过化学实验,研究了络合铁-多酚类液相脱硫催化剂的脱硫-再生反应行为和热力学趋势,结果表明,脱硫反应和再生反应都属于氧化-原反应,反应进程中电势-pH的变化规律反映了氧化-还原反应的反应速度和反应程度;催化剂溶液较适宜酸碱度为8.25≤pH≤8.50。 相似文献
75.
76.
磁性纳米SO4^2-/Fe3O4-ZrO2固体超强酸催化合成己二酸二正辛酯 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
利用磁性对纳米固体超强酸组合,制备出磁性纳米SO4^2-/Fe3O4-ZrO2固体超强酸催化剂,并用TEM、IR、Hammett指示剂检测磁性纳米固体超强酸催化剂性能。将其用于己二酸二正辛酯(DOA)的合成反应中。得到最佳反应条件为负压下,反应温度155℃,n(正辛醇):n(己二酸)=3.2:1,反应时间2h,w(催化剂)=1.5%,己二酸的转化率达99%。利用催化剂的磁性可将纳米颗粒催化剂迅速分离,回收率达93.8%,并能重复使用。 相似文献
77.
Gang Li Dan I. Enache Jennifer Edwards Albert F. Carley David W. Knight Graham J. Hutchings 《Catalysis Letters》2006,110(1-2):7-13
The oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde has been investigated in the absence of solvent using zeolite-supported Au
and Au–Pd catalysts. Three zeolites were investigated, ZSM-5, zeolite β and zeolite Y, and these were contrasted with the
titanoslicalite TS-1 and TiO2 as supports. For the Au catalysts the best results are obtained with zeolite β as the support and the conversions were comparable
or better than those observed with TiO2 in terms of turn over frequencies. However, the selectivities observed with the acidic zeolites were lower than the non-acidic
TS-1 and TiO2. This is due to the subsequent reaction of benzaldehyde via acid catalysed reactions to give benzyl benzoate and its dibenzyl
acetal, and, in some cases dibenzylether. Initial catalysts were evaluated with a gold loading of 2 wt% and increasing this
to 4 wt% showed the expected increase in activity, indicating that there is scope to improve the performance of these catalysts.
The most active catalysts were prepared by impregnation and catalysts prepared by deposition precipitation were considerably
less active. Introduction of Pd into the catalyst improved the activity without significantly affecting the selectivity. 相似文献
78.
Using a Debye function analysis, the presence of icosahedral and face centered cuboctahedral gold in a 1 1 ratio has been found in freshly prepared Au/Mg(OH)2 catalyst. The results support earlier studies which suggest the icosahedral form to be more stable at small nanometer sizes. Interactions between the gold and the Mg(OH)2 support appear to be weak, with the gold rapidly coagulating over a period of three months. Re-analysis of the aged sample shows the gold to be mainly in the form of truncated decahedra. 相似文献
79.
Karin Yaccato Alfred Hagemeyer Andreas Lesik Anthony Volpe Henry Weinberg 《Topics in Catalysis》2004,(1):127-132
High-throughput synthesis and screening methods have been developed for the discovery of highly active lead compounds for the selective catalytic reduction as well as direct decomposition of NO in the temperature range 200–300 °C. The discovery libraries for primary screening consisted of 16 × 16 catalyst arrays on 4in. square quartz wafers. Catalysts were prepared by robotic liquid dispensing techniques and screened for catalytic activity in Symyx' scanning mass spectrometer. The scanning mass spectrometer is a fast serial screening tool that uses flat wafer catalyst surfaces, local laser heating, a scanning/sniffing nozzle and a quadrupolar mass spectrometer to compare relative catalytic activities. The feed consisted of NO/NH3 mixtures with optional O2 cofeed and Kr as the internal standard in Ar carrier gas. QMS detection allowed for tracking of H2O, N2, NO, O2, N2O and Kr. Screening protocols for catalytic materials encompassed metal precursors and carriers for supported vanadia systems, extensive doping of V2O5/TiO2, and broad screening of mixed redox metal oxides and supported base and noble metal systems. More than 500 samples could be screened in a single day. Active hits (high NO consumption accompanied by corresponding N2 production) identified in discovery libraries were re-synthesized as focus libraries for lead confirmation and further optimization. These libraries used shallower compositional gradients, for example 56 points (compositions) per ternary, with four 56-point ternaries per 4in. wafer. Broad screening ternaries were generally 8 or 15 points. The focus libraries more clearly reveal the trends and provide guidelines for secondary screening and scale-up. High conversions were achieved in scanning mass spectrometer so the scalability risk is small for the short contact time reactions. 相似文献
80.
A hollow fiber membrane reactor, which resembles a tube-and-shell heat exchanger, was developed for homogeneous catalytic reactions with gas reactants and products. The gas stream flows through the tube side while the reaction takes place in the catalyst solution which fills the shell side. The separation load of product from the catalyst solution can be reduced by using a hollow fiber membrane reactor instead of a conventional bubble column reactor. The reactor operates in a plug-flow pattern with a large mass transfer area per unit volume of catalyst solution
This concept was investigated experimentally using the direct oxidation of ethylene to acetaldehyde reaction in an aqueous solution of palladium (H) chloride-cupric chloride with a silicone rubber membrane reactor and a polypropylene membrane reactor. It was experimentally demonstrated that membrane reactors could achieve higher production rates per unit volume of catalyst than the conventional sparged reactor. The experimental data were in good agreement with the predictions by the mathematical model. The conditions under which the membrane reactor will be more advantageous than the conventional sparged reactors can be readily ascertained with the analytical solution of the simplified membrane reactor model. 相似文献
This concept was investigated experimentally using the direct oxidation of ethylene to acetaldehyde reaction in an aqueous solution of palladium (H) chloride-cupric chloride with a silicone rubber membrane reactor and a polypropylene membrane reactor. It was experimentally demonstrated that membrane reactors could achieve higher production rates per unit volume of catalyst than the conventional sparged reactor. The experimental data were in good agreement with the predictions by the mathematical model. The conditions under which the membrane reactor will be more advantageous than the conventional sparged reactors can be readily ascertained with the analytical solution of the simplified membrane reactor model. 相似文献