冻藏对水产品脂质氧化影响研究进展

文章综述了水产品冻藏过程中脂质氧化的危害、影响脂质氧化的内源促氧化因子与外源促氧化因子,并总结了当前延缓脂质氧化的方法,如添加抗氧化剂、改进包装和新型技术的辅助等,指出既能控制冻藏过程中水产品脂质氧化,又能实现产业化推广的技术是水产品冻藏急需解决的问题。     

凯里红酸汤对大鼠肠道脂肪酸吸收和紧密连接蛋白的调控

通过灌胃摄入的方式观察贵州凯里红酸汤对高脂血症大鼠模型的小肠上皮脂肪酸吸收蛋白和紧密连接蛋白的调控作用。摄入凯里红酸汤期间测量大鼠的体质量和血脂,摄入11周后测定大鼠小肠上皮的脂肪酸转位酶CD36（FAT/CD36）、脂肪酸转运蛋白（FATP4）、紧密连接相关蛋白Occludin和紧密连接跨膜蛋白ZO-1的表达。结果表明,在高脂血症大鼠模型中,酸汤干预使大鼠的体质量和血脂显著降低（P＜0.05）,CD36和FATP4表达水平显著降低（P＜0.05）,ZO-1表达水平显著升高（P＜0.05）,其水平更接近于正常条件下喂养的阴性组大鼠。酸汤可以抑制大鼠体质量增长,恢复被高脂膳食破坏的小肠上皮紧密连接结构,减少肠道长链脂肪酸的吸收,改善大鼠高脂血症的状况。     

The production of volatile compounds in model casein systems with varying fat levels as affected by low-frequency ultrasound

The effects of low-frequency ultrasound on the production of volatile compounds in model casein protein systems containing various fat concentrations of 2%, 4% and 6% (w/w) were investigated. Ultrasound application was performed at 20 kHz for up to 10 min which corresponded to energy densities ranging from 9.54 to 190.8 J mL⁻¹. Similar volatile compounds were detected both in pure fat and mixtures of casein and fat (CF) systems. These volatiles belonged to the groups of aldehydes, ketones, esters, alcohols and hydrocarbons, which were the products of oxidation of lipids or protein degradation due to acoustic cavitation. The amount of fat in the casein systems had minor effects on the production of volatiles, whereas the production of volatile compounds was significantly affected by the ultrasound treatment. Short sonication times <5 min generated similar volatile profiles to the untreated samples. In contrast, prolonged sonication for 5 and 10 min considerably increased the production of volatile compounds and the amounts of fatty acids. Thus, the application of low–frequency ultrasound for short periods should be considered to minimise the production of volatile compounds which can ultimately affect the taste.     

Effects of nitric oxide on the alleviation of postharvest disease induced by Penicillium italicum in navel orange fruits

The present study evaluated the effects of 15 μL L^-1 nitric oxide (NO) on the fruit defence response of ‘Newhall’ navel orange. The decay rate of NO-treated navel orange fruits was significantly lower than that of control fruits during storage at 20 °C storage (P < 0.05). Treatment with NO suppressed the increase in disease incidence and lesion area in orange fruits inoculated with Penicillium italicum (P. italicum); significantly increased the activities of phenolic metabolism-associated enzymes and pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins, including polyphenoloxidase (PPO), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), β-1,3-glucanase (GLU) and chitinase (CHT); and enhanced the activities of key enzymes, including 4-coumarate: CoA ligase (4CL), cinnamate-4-hydroxylase (C4H) and chalcone isomerase (CHI) in the phenylpropanoid pathway. The contents of total phenolics, flavonoids and lignin were also higher in NO-treated fruits than in control fruits. The findings suggest that exogenous NO could induce disease resistance against P. italicum in navel orange fruits.     

The comparison of several lipid extraction methods on infant formula for 3-monochloropropanediol esters and glycidyl esters analysis

This study aimed to determine the best lipid extraction method for infant formula; therefore, it can be used as a routine analysis. The samples were some commercial infant formulas in Indonesia. The research was conducted with three steps: (i) Lipid extraction of infant formula using five lipid extraction methods; (ii) 3-monochloropropanediol esters (3-MCPDE) and glycidyl esters (GE) analysis of lipid extract from three lipid extraction methods in the first step; and (iii) 3-MCPDE and GE analysis of six commercial infant formulas using the best lipid extraction method. The results showed that lipid extraction using the Dubois method gave the best results than other lipid extraction methods. The level of 3-MCPDE and GE also had no significant difference with the addition of NaCl in the Folch method, compared with the addition of Na₂SO₄. The level of 3-MCPDE and GE using the Dubois method was significantly different and higher compared with the other lipid extraction methods. 3-MCPDE and GE levels of commercial infant formula were 6.62–52.84 µg kg⁻¹ and <1.43–17.06 µg kg⁻¹, respectively. The values obtained were still within the standard according to Commission Regulation EU 2018/290 by the European Food Safety Authority (125 µg kg⁻¹ for 3-MCPDE (on progress) and 50 µg kg⁻¹ for GE).     

脂质氧化对肉制品中4 类有害物质形成影响的研究进展

肉制品加工过程中往往伴随着脂质氧化的发生,现有研究表明,脂质氧化能影响肉制品中杂环胺、N-亚硝基化合物、晚期糖基化终末产物及多环芳烃等有害物质的生成,这些物质的积累会降低肉制品的食用安全性并危害人体健康。本文综述了肉制品中脂质氧化的机制及氧化产物的反应活性、脂质氧化对肉制品中上述4 类有害物质形成的影响及相关控制措施,以期从控制脂质氧化的角度出发为肉制品安全性生产工艺提供参考。     

发酵十字花科蔬菜中硫代葡萄糖苷代谢研究进展

硫代葡萄糖苷（简称硫苷）是十字花科蔬菜中一类重要的次生代谢物。在蔬菜发酵过程中,硫苷被代谢为异硫氰酸盐等活性产物,这些代谢产物具有抗氧化、抗癌、调节肠道菌群等多种生理功能。乳酸菌发酵对硫苷的代谢机制包括促进硫苷从蔬菜中释放,以及使其发生降解,且代谢作用既与乳酸菌种属相关,也与发酵体系的盐含量、金属离子、pH值以及蔬菜加热预处理相关。通过总结梳理发酵蔬菜硫苷代谢研究进展,并解析影响因素,为提高发酵蔬菜中活性硫苷代谢产物含量,提升发酵蔬菜的健康效应提供理论指引。     

维生素D缺乏对新生儿健康影响的研究进展

维生素D是一种脂溶性维生素,不仅具有抗菌抗炎、免疫调节的作用,还参与了人体多种细胞的增殖、分化、凋亡.维生素D缺乏已成为全球性的公共卫生问题,孕妇维生素D缺乏对母婴二人均有直接影响,是新生儿健康的危险因素之一.本文主要综述了维生素D的代谢及生理功能、影响新生儿维生素D水平的因素、维生素D缺乏与新生儿疾病的关系、维生素D...