Transient phenomena of current and field distortion due to dynamics of packet‐like charges in LDPE films

Simultaneous measurements of space charge and external current were carried out using a PEA measurement system with an electrometer on the back of a grounding electrode in order to clarify the physical situation of a huge packet of positive space charges in LDPE films. A large number of positive charges from a semiconducting anode were accumulated at the interface between LDPE and an Al‐cathode at a mean applied field of 1.5 MV/cm and then finally disappeared. The results of simultaneous measurements showed that the external current kept a relatively high value during charge accumulation and further increased when the charges disappeared. Both the charge dynamics and the external current were restricted by addition of a low‐molecular‐weight paraffin wax, indicating that carrier transport was influenced by the microstructure of the polymer. The dynamics of the residual charges after short‐circuiting is also discussed. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 179(4): 10–17, 2012; Published online in Wiley Online Library ( wileyonlinelibrary.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.21256     

DFIG风电机组协同SVG抑制电网低频振荡方法

随着风电渗透率的日益增加,电力系统阻尼不足时易发生低频振荡,双馈风电机组（DFIG）可解耦控制有无功和无功输出,有利于增强系统阻尼。提出一种DFIG协同静止无功发生器（SVG）并网的方法,采用附加阻尼的控制策略,接入控制系统的功率控制节点,改变参考装置的有功和无功参考电流,实现装置动态输出功率,抵消功率增量,对系统中产生的功率振荡进行抑制。搭建DFIG协同SVG并网的4机2区域系统的控制系统模型,添加附加阻尼控制信号,控制DFIG输出的有功功率和SVG输出的无功功率,改变系统的特征根,并基于Prony方法分析振荡信号各模态。结果表明：该方法能够有效提供正阻尼,抑制系统低频振荡,加速振荡波形平息,提高电力系统的小干扰稳定性。     

低负荷吹灰对超临界锅炉水冷壁超温影响的试验研究

通过对低负荷段吹灰器投运位置、频次、负荷段及对应区域配风方式的试验研究,发现低负荷段吹灰器投运时明显的壁温突升主要发生在两侧墙,且投运燃尽风上下位置的吹灰器影响较大,最高壁温突升幅度约100~130 ℃。吹灰过程中增大对应区域的辅助风门开度约20%,壁温突升幅度可降低约20 ℃,同时,选择较高负荷段投运吹灰器以及降低吹灰器的投用频次对控制水冷壁超温有利。试验研究方法与结论对同类型机组低负荷段吹灰器投运具有一定的参考意义。     

基于注入法的小电流接地系统故障定位新方法

介绍了基于“S注入法”的小电流接地系统单相接地故障选线定位保护。当故障停电后,该保护就存在绝缘恢复和定位困难的问题。为此提出了一种定位新方法。该方法通过向停电后的接地线路故障相外加恒定直流高压,再注入交流信号,并根据所注交流信号的消失点准确地判定故障位置。基于新方法的故障定位装置运行很成功。     

Realization of nth-order series impedance function using only (n-1) current-feedback amplifiers

A new configuration for realizing a higher-order series impedance function using current-feedback amplifiers (CFAs) is presented. The nth-order series impedance function employs only (n–1) CFAs and (2n–1) passive elements. The higher order series impedance function can be applied to realize various higher-order highpass and lowpass filters. The passive element values can be easily decided from the coefficients of the filter transfer functions. The use of CFAs simplifies the circuit implementation and makes the proposed circuit attractive for application. Experiments and simulation results are given to confirm the theoretical analysis.     

Crosstalk-aware multi-bit flip-flop generation for power optimization

Applying multi-bit flip-flops (MBFFs) for clock power reduction in modern nanometer ICs has been becoming a promising lower-power design technique. Many previous works tried to utilize as more MBFFs with larger number of bits as possible to gain more clock power saving. However, an MBFF with larger number of bits may lead to serious crosstalk due to the close interconnecting wires belonging to different signal nets which are connected to the same MBFF. This paper analyzes, evaluates, and compares the relationship between power consumption and crosstalk when applying MBFFs with different numbers of bits. To solve the addressed problem, a novel crosstalk-aware power optimization approach is further proposed to optimize power consumption while satisfying the crosstalk constraint. Experimental results show that the proposed approach is very effective in crosstalk avoidance when applying MBFFs for power optimization.     

基于3D打印的Ku/Ka频段双波束天线设计

提出一种采用3D打印技术设计制造的径向开孔分层龙伯透镜天线, 该天线以低损耗的石蜡强化聚苯乙烯为基材, 透镜直径为700 mm, 结构形式为7层半球龙伯透镜.天线工作在Ku/Ka频段, 可同时对准两个目标.研究表明:采用3D打印技术制造的低损耗介质径向开孔分层龙伯透镜天线实现了较高性能, 有效解决了传统加工方式加工困难、一致性差的问题, 可以容易地通过采用更小介电损耗的材料实现更优良的天线性能.     

浅谈农村灌溉期间低电压问题及预控措施

随着社会生产力的发展,电能逐渐成为农业生产中不可或缺的生产要素。农村在灌溉期间,灌溉负荷会在短时间内剧增,导致供电企业电压供电能量剧增。还容易出现低电压问题,线路过载和电压过低一方面会损坏供电设施,加快供电线路老化,还会烧坏水泵,因此灌溉期低电压成了急需解决的问题。     

脉冲雷达的优化设计

常规脉冲雷达基于回波时延距离变换原理,工作比一般较小,存在许多缺点。提出了一种基于回波时延频率距离变换原理的脉冲雷达,给出了这种雷达发射信号的选择、雷达诸参数优化设计原则及主要分机技术。     

Reduction of Streptococcus thermophilus in a whey protein isolate by low moisture extrusion cooking without loss of functional properties

A whey protein isolate powder (WPI) (4–5% water) inoculated with 5x10⁵ viable Streptococcus thermophilus per g, was continuously processed in a twin screw extruder under the following conditions (barrel length = 500 or 1000 mm; screw profile = forward transport and compression elements; moisture content during extrusion = 4–5%; feed rate = 10 kg h^-1; barrel temperature ( T_b ) = 80–204°C; speed of screw rotation = 50 r.p.m.). The minimum residence time determined by pulse injection of erythrosin was 20–25 s (500 mm barrel) or 35–40 s (1000 mm barrel).
Reduction values of viable Streptococcus thermophilus of 10^4.2-fold (500 mm barrel, T_b = 143°C) or 10^4.9-fold (1000 mm barrel, T_b = 133°C) were obtained without any modification of protein solubility or gelling properties. WPI extruded at the highest barrel temperatures (182–204°C) underwent limited browning and reduction of protein solubility. Gel permeation and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the soluble constituents did not show any aggregates of β-lactoglobulin or α-lactalbumin.
Gels prepared from control or extruded WPI ( T_b 143°C with a barrel length = 500 mm or T_b 133°C with a barrel length = 1000 mm) were identical, as judged by scanning electron microscopy and rheological evaluations.