Comparison of aromatic and phenolic compounds in cherry wines with different cherry cultivars by HS‐SPME‐GC‐MS and HPLC

To compare the influence of cultivars on the production of aroma compounds and polyphenols, eight cherry varieties (six sweet and two sour) were fermented into cherry wines, and their compositions were analysed. Results showed that by headspace solid microextraction coupled to gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (HS‐SPME‐GC‐MS), a total of twenty‐first aromatic compounds, mostly consisting of esters, acids, terpenoids and C₁₃‐norisoprenoids, were identified, and eleven polyphenols including five anthocyanins and six phenolic acids were quantified using HPLC. May Duck and Early Richmond wines contained significantly higher levels of phenolic acids (>42 mg L^?1) that were associated with high contents of chlorogenic and neochlorogenic acids and also relatively high amounts of octanoic acid and β‐damascenone (odour activity values ≥1000). Hongdeng, Zhifuhong and Bing wines were characterised by higher concentrations of anthocyanins (>41 mg L^?1) and also relatively higher levels of isopentyl acetate. Lapins and Governer Wcod wines were distinguished by lower concentrations of polyphenols and relatively higher contents of ethyl 3‐methylbutanoate.     

低醇半干白葡萄酒的酵母菌耐受性研究

为了考察低醇半干白葡萄酒的酵母菌稳定性,进行山梨酸钾和游离二氧化硫不同浓度的梯度实验,以确定该产品酵母菌的安全耐受浓度.实验结果表明低醇半干白葡萄酒的山梨酸钾的适宜添加浓度为150mg/L,游离二氧化硫浓度为30mg/L～35mg/L,在此基础上酵母菌的安全耐受浓度为酵母菌数＜50个/100mL酒样.     

乌毛蕨保健酒工艺研究

以野生药用植物乌毛蕨全草和糯米为主要原料、采用发酵方法酿造乌毛蕨保健酒.研究了乌毛蕨草粉的用量和主发酵工艺条件.结果表明,添加7.0％乌毛蕨全草粉糖化发酵的成品酒感官质量最好.优化的主发酵工艺条件为0.12％YWBY接种量、料水比1∶1.4,于25℃下发酵6d.再经后发酵、压榨、澄清、灭菌等步骤,研制出富含黄酮类化合物而具有特殊药用功效,且色、香、味俱佳与具有独特蕨酒风格的乌毛蕨保健酒.     

Anthocyanin composition in aged Chilean Cabernet Sauvignon red wines

Anthocyanins in aged Cabernet Sauvignon red wines were studied by HPLC–MS. The major anthocyanin in 6, 7, and 8 year old red wine extracts was the dimer vitisin A produced by condensation of malvidin-3-O-glucoside mediated by pyruvic acid. In aged wine, the content of malvidin-3-O-glucoside decreased with age with a concomitant increase of vitisin A. The latter is accompanied by several condensation products with molecular weight up to 1500 m/z. Differential pulse voltammetry indicated that aged wines have lower antioxidant capacity than young wine (400 mV), but higher than malvidin-3-O-glucoside (483 mV). Tafel’s plots showed that the electrochemical process occurring in aged wines is different from young wines. Six, seven and eight year old wines show similar behaviour with plots of 234, 177 and 188 mV/dec, respectively. These values are higher than the expected 120 mV/dec corresponding to a first electronic transfer but smaller compared to the 523 mV/dec corresponding to young wine.     

葡萄酒酿造中有机酸的含量

以巨峰葡萄为原料,选用果胶酶对葡萄汁进行澄清处理。利用低温真空浓缩法研制适合酿造葡萄酒的浓缩葡萄汁,再添加酵母进行发酵。测定发酵后有机酸的变化,结果FFCC2185和FF-CC2186菌种进行葡萄酒发酵的酒石酸含量分别是1.28 g/L和1.38 g/L,苹果酸含量分别是7.21 g/L和7.23 g/L;乳酸,柠檬酸,琥珀酸含量都少于1 g/L。     

高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间串联质谱法解析桑椹酒渣中的酚类物质

该研究通过研究桑椹酒渣中的酚类化合物,为开发酒渣的价值提供一定的理论基础和数据支撑。建立云桑二号桑椹酒渣中的酚类化合物的高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间串联质谱法（HPLC-Q-Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry,HPLC-Q-TOF-MS）定性分析方法。液相色谱使用ZORBAX SB-Aq(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.8-Micron）色谱柱,流动相为乙腈和0.1%(V/V）甲酸水溶液,梯度洗脱,采用ESI离子源在负离子模式进行质谱检测。最终鉴定出云桑二号桑椹酒渣中酚类物质共14种。然后利用标准品对照高效液相色谱法（High Performance Liquid Chromatography,HPLC）对高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间串联质谱法鉴定出的多酚类化合物进行了定量测定,发现桑椹酒渣中的酚类物质组成与桑椹大致相同。但各单体酚含量总体降低。其中,花青素类酚类物质含量最高的是天竺葵素-3-葡萄糖苷（718.30μg/g）,非花青素类多酚物质含量最高的是儿茶素（1 805.87μg/g）。这些结果表明桑椹酒渣酚类含量丰富,是开发健康食品的良好原料。     

香蕉果酒带皮发酵对其品质和挥发性香气成分的影响

为了探究香蕉皮对香蕉果酒品质和风味的影响,该研究对带皮香蕉果酒和去皮香蕉果酒发酵过程中糖度、酒精度、总酸和多酚等理化指标进行测定,同时利用气相色谱-质谱联用技术测定两种果酒中挥发性香气物质,结果显示带皮香蕉果酒的酒精度为10.5% vol,低于去皮香蕉果酒的12.3% vol,但是发酵结束后带皮香蕉果酒中总酸（4.03 g/L）和感官评分（87.62）,要显著优于去皮香蕉果酒。此外,带皮香蕉果酒及其蒸馏酒中甲醇含量分别为120.20 mg/L和372.30 mg/L,远低于对应国家限量标准。挥发性风味物质分析结果显示香蕉酒中主要的风味物质为酯类和醇类,带皮香蕉果酒风味物质种类比去皮香蕉果酒更为丰富,其中乙酸乙酯（>8.10 mg/L）和3-甲基-1-丁醇（>15.78 mg/L）是香蕉果酒中主要的挥发性风味物质。因此香蕉皮的添加可以改善果酒品质和风味且不会显著提高果酒中甲醇的含量,但是对出酒率有一定的影响,该研究为实现食品原料的整体化综合利用、减少食品加工废弃物的生成拓宽了思路,同时也为开发高品质香蕉酒提供了参考。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定黄酒中20种多酚含量

目的 建立液液萃取-液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定黄酒中20种多酚(没食子酸、儿茶素、香草酸、咖啡酸、丁香酸、对香豆酸、阿魏酸、槲皮素、香豆酸、原儿茶酸、山奈酚、绿原酸、牡荆素、槲皮苷、金丝桃苷、芦丁、表儿茶素、鞣花酸、肉桂酸、芥子酸)含量的分析方法。方法 样品经浓盐酸酸化后用乙酸乙酯、乙醚提取。目标物经Waters ACQUITY HSS T3色谱柱(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.8μm)分离,电喷雾离子源负离子多反应监测模式采集,以质量数和保留时间定性,峰面积(外标法)定量。结果 在5～500μg/L范围内,20种多酚的线性关系良好,标准曲线相关系数大于0.997,方法定量限为0.4～7.8μg/L,加标回收率为71.1%～111.0%,相对标准偏差为0.63%～9.42%。结论 采用该方法对黄酒中的20种多酚进行检测,前处理步骤简单,测定快速,准确度和灵敏度高。