流场尺寸对质子交换膜燃料电池性能的影响

流场的形状和尺寸是设计双极板的核心。合理的流场既要确保电极各处均能获得充足的反应剂供应,同时又要保证反应产物水的排出。研究了不同流场尺寸对质子交换膜燃料电池性能的影响。实验结果表明:在一定范围内,随着开孔率的增加,电极与流场本相及接触电阻也逐渐增加;开孔率相近时,这一电阻相差不大。在相同开孔率的情况下,沟槽尺寸越小,电池性能越好。     

Investigation of Structure and Hydriding Properties of La0.6 Nd0.4 Ni4.8 Mn0.2 Cux Alloys

The structure and hydriding performance of La0.6Nd0.4Ni4.8Mn0.2Cux (x = 0 ～ 0.4) alloys were investigated in order to develop suitable materials for metal hydride air conditioner. The effect of Cu addition on the crystal structure,equilibrium pressure, hydrogen capacity and hysteresis as well as hydrogen absorption/desorption kinetics were systematically studied by using the measurement of P-C isotherms, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. As the amount of Cu increases, the plateau pressure increases and hydrogen absorption/desorption kinetics is improved, but the effective hydrogen storage capacity decreases. It is shown that variations in the basal plane parameter a can be used as an indication for the plateau pressure changes. With the increase of parameter a, the plateau pressure decreases. For La0.6 Nd0.4Ni4.8Mn0.2Cux(x = 0 ～ 0.4) alloys there is a relationship between the effective hydrogen storage capacities and the ratios of their unit cell parameters c and a. The effective hydrogen storage capacity decreases with increase of a/c.     

Backscattered electron imaging of the undersurface of resin-embedded cells by field-emission scanning electron microscopy

In this study backscattered electron (BSE) imaging was used to display cellular structures stained with heavy metals within an unstained resin by atomic number contrast in successively deeper layers. Balb/c 3T3 fibroblasts were cultured on either 13-mm discs of plastic Thermanox, commercially pure titanium or steel. The cells were fixed, stained and embedded in resin and the disc removed. The resin block containing the cells was sputter coated and examined in a field-emission scanning electron microscope. The technique allowed for the direct visualization of the cell undersurface and immediately overlying areas of cytoplasm through the surrounding embedding resin, with good resolution and contrast to a significant depth of about 2 μm, without the requirement for cutting sections. The fixation protocol was optimized in order to increase heavy metal staining for maximal backscattered electron production. The operation of the microscope was optimized to maximize the number of backscattered electrons produced and to minimize the spot size. BSE images were collected over a wide range of accelerating voltages (keV), from low values to high values to give ‘sections' of information from increasing depths within the sample. At 3–4 keV only structures a very short distance into the material were observed, essentially the areas of cell attachment to the removed substrate. At higher accelerating voltages information on cell morphology, including in particular stress fibres and cell nuclei, where heavy metals were intensely bound became more evident. The technique allowed stepwise ‘sectional’ information to be acquired. The technique should be useful for studies on cell morphology, cycle and adhesion with greater resolution than can be obtained with any light-microscope-based system.     

Vertical sections of cultivated anchorage-dependent cells for electron microscopy

A method is described for electron microscopic preparation of cultivated cells for vertical sections using the test chamber system TCSC-1. The cells are cultivated on a special foil. They can be fixed and embedded directly in the chamber. After polymerization of the resin, the foil can be easily taken off and a second resin layer is poured upon the embedded cells. Then distinct cells can be marked under an inverted light microscope. The bilayer of the resin allows optimal conditions for vertical sections of anchorage-dependent cells.     

Microscopy under pressure--an optical chamber system for fluorescence microscopic analysis of living cells under high hydrostatic pressure

High hydrostatic pressure (HHP) becomes more and more interesting for life science research, since it can be employed to inactivate various cells. To directly monitor "cells under pressure," the development of an optical high-pressure chamber is required. Therefore, an optical pressure chamber that can be used for up to 300 MPa was constructed. This chamber has already been described as a tool for in situ observation of dynamic changes of microscopic structures in bright field as well as phase contrast. In combination with an inverted microscope, we obtained brilliant microscopic color pictures with an optical resolution more than 0.56 microm. Here, we demonstrate the capabilities of the HHP cell, in combination with epifluorescence microscopy. Using a nonadherent human B-cell line (Raji, ATCC CCL 86), stained with the fluorescent dyes propidium iodide, Hoechst 33342, or dihexyloxacarbocyanine iodide, we were able to show that the system is suitable to perform fluorescence microscopic analyses, with pressures up to 300 MPa, with viable mammalian cells.     

互联网远程视频监控系统传输与控制分析

简述了远程监控系统的发展和技术要求,并基于目前流行的H.264编码格式和RTP协议探讨了远程监控的网络管理模块的视频传输与控制设计思路和方案.     

Study of amperometric diffusion solid-state electrolyte cell operating regimes

Different operating regimes are considered for operation of an amperometric diffusion solid-state electrolyte cell for measuring the volume fraction of oxygen. The design of an oxygen sensor is described. Experimental results confirm the efficiency of the proposed diffusion solid-state electrolyte cell for measuring oxygen in the range of 98–100%. Translated from Izmeritel’naya Tekhnika, No. 10, pp. 64–65, October, 2008.     

产电微生物对SMFC产电及降解性能的影响

目的在以含油污泥为阳极底泥的沉积型微生物燃料电池(SMFC)体系中,通过改变产电微生物种类和分布方式,探究产电微生物对SMFC产电及降解性能的影响。 方法通过采集输出电压、功率密度、表观内阻来检测石油去除率,比较了不同单菌-SMFC、不同混合菌-SMFC的产电性能和降解性能,考查了菌种分布对SMFC性能的影响。 结果在单菌-SMFC中,弗氏柠檬酸杆菌-SMFC的产电及降解性能均优于其他5种单菌构筑的SMFC;混合菌-SMFC的产电及降解性能较单菌-SMFC有较大提升,且其中蜡样芽孢杆菌+中间苍白杆菌-SMFC的产电及降解性能最优,输出电压可达到515.30 mV;菌种分布在阳极材料中和阳极底泥中都可以降解含油污泥中的有机物,但是菌种分布在阳极材料中更有利于SMFC产电性能及降解性能的发挥。 结论混合菌相对于单菌能够显著提升SMFC的产电及降解性能,而且菌种分布在阳极材料中更有益于SMFC产电性能及降解性能的发挥。      

Towards 3D Bioprinted Spinal Cord Organoids

Three-dimensional (3D) cultures, so-called organoids, have emerged as an attractive tool for disease modeling and therapeutic innovations. Here, we aim to determine if boundary cap neural crest stem cells (BC) can survive and differentiate in gelatin-based 3D bioprinted bioink scaffolds in order to establish an enabling technology for the fabrication of spinal cord organoids on a chip. BC previously demonstrated the ability to support survival and differentiation of co-implanted or co-cultured cells and supported motor neuron survival in excitotoxically challenged spinal cord slice cultures. We tested different combinations of bioink and cross-linked material, analyzed the survival of BC on the surface and inside the scaffolds, and then tested if human iPSC-derived neural cells (motor neuron precursors and astrocytes) can be printed with the same protocol, which was developed for BC. We showed that this protocol is applicable for human cells. Neural differentiation was more prominent in the peripheral compared to central parts of the printed construct, presumably because of easier access to differentiation-promoting factors in the medium. These findings show that the gelatin-based and enzymatically cross-linked hydrogel is a suitable bioink for building a multicellular, bioprinted spinal cord organoid, but that further measures are still required to achieve uniform neural differentiation.