低糖野生软枣猕猴桃果脯工艺优化的研究

对低糖野生软枣猕猴桃果脯的生产工艺条件进行优化。结果表明,低糖软枣猕猴桃果脯最优工艺条件为:采用8成熟新鲜的或速冻的软枣猕猴桃为原料,沸水烫漂60 s,刺孔,0.04%硫酸铜和0.01%硫酸锌溶液护色、0.05%氯化钙溶液硬化,在50%蔗糖溶液、0.07MPa条件下真空渗糖,在0.09MPa条件下真空干燥。在此优化条件下制备的果脯组织形态较饱满,软硬适中,酸甜适口,具有浓郁的软枣猕猴桃风味。     

Functional properties of reduced moisture fruits as ingredients in food systems

Fruit pieces of some species have been processed to be used as ingredients in various food systems, either by partial dehydration alone or by osmosis and partial dehydration, to achieve different levels of water activity and solids contents in the final products.

The relationships existing among processing, phase composition after processing and functional properties of the products have been assessed within a useful range of water content and water activity.

The functional properties are expressed as diagrams relating the phase composition (soluble solids, insoluble solids and water) to the range of consistencies obtainable at various water activities. These diagrams provide a useful tool for preparing fruit ingredients suitable for specific food systems.     

Borojo果酶解浓缩粉的毒理学安全性评价

本文通过动物实验,研究Borojo果酶解浓缩粉的食用安全性。采用急性毒性试验、小鼠骨髓微核试验、小鼠精子畸形试验及大鼠30天喂养试验对Borojoa果酶解浓缩粉进行评价。结果表明,雌雄小鼠经口急性毒性LD50〉21．5g/kg·bw,根据急陛毒性分级,受试物Borojo果酶解浓缩粉属无毒级物质;小鼠骨髓微核试验、小鼠精子畸形试验结果与对照组比较均无显著性差异;大鼠30d喂养试验表明各剂量组动物体重增重、食物利用率、脏体比、血液学检查及血液生化检查与对照组比较均无显著性差异;病理检查主要脏器未见明显中毒性病理改变,说明Borojo果酶解浓缩粉属于安全性食品。     

果实成熟软化与相关的酶学研究

果实采后仍然是活的有机体,其后熟软化是一个复杂的生理生化变化过程,其中细胞壁降解酶起着重要的调控作用。综述了与果实成熟软化相关的胞壁酶(多聚半乳糖醛酸酶、纤维素酶、果胶甲酯酶、β-半乳糖苷酶)在果实成熟衰老和软化过程中的作用和活性变化规律,为抑制果实采后软化、延长贮藏期提供理论依据。     

采后处理与贮藏条件对柑贮藏效果的影响

通过对椪柑贮藏历年来的相关实验研究,即预贮、包装等不同的采后处理方法并结合砃峦ǚ缈夂屠淇庵兄?藏结果观测比较,找出了不适宜椪柑果实贮藏的采后处理方式和利于其贮藏的某些方法、设施。常温通风预贮预冷显著好于冷库冷风预冷;无论在常温通风库还是冷库中贮藏75d以上,单果包装均显著好于打蜡处理。正交实验进一步明确了包果袋宜薄不宜厚,预贮时间较长为宜。     

Control of anthracnose rot and quality deterioration in loquat fruit with methyl jasmonate

BACKGROUND: Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) fruit has a short shelf‐life, mainly due to fungal decay. Current control of postharvest disease of the fruit is mainly dependent on fungicides. However, because of the increasing consumer concern over food safety, there is an urgent need to search for effective alternatives to control disease. The objective of this work was to determine the efficacy of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) in controlling anthracnose rot caused by Colletotrichum acutatum and maintaining quality of loquat fruit. RESULTS: Loquat fruit were treated with 10 µmol L^?1 MeJA and wound inoculated with C. acutatum spore suspension of 1.0 × 10⁵ spores mL^?1 24 h after treatment, and then stored at 20 °C for 6 days. The percentage of infected wounds showing decay symptom was reduced from 54.4% to 16.7% and the lesion diameter was reduced from 7.26 mm to 4.00 mm by MeJA treatment on the 4th day after inoculation. MeJA treatment induced higher activities of two defense‐related enzymes—chitinase and β‐1,3‐glucanase—during 6 days storage. Meanwhile, the treatment inhibited increases in fruit firmness and internal browning index, and maintained higher extractable juice rate and total soluble solids and titratable acidity contents, thereby delaying the development of flesh leatheriness. CONCLUSION: MeJA treatment effectively inhibited anthracnose rot and maintained quality in loquat fruit. Inhibition of the disease was mainly because of resistance induced in loquat fruit by MeJA. A postharvest application of MeJA could be an alternative to chemical fungicides for control of postharvest disease in loquat fruit. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

低温贮藏对晚熟龙眼“立冬本”果实采后生理和品质的影响

研究了龙眼"立冬本"果实在采后(25±0.5)℃和(3±0.5)℃温度下的呼吸强度、细胞膜透性和品质的变化。结果表明:龙眼果实属于非呼吸跃变型果实;在(25±0.5)℃下贮藏4天,果实呼吸强度下降,之后明显上升;果实采后果皮细胞膜透性快速增加,果实易失重、衰老、腐烂和果皮褐变,贮藏后期果肉自溶;果肉可滴定酸和维生素C含量快速下降,总糖和蔗糖含量下降,还原糖含量先升后降,可溶性固形物含量在贮藏前期下降而后期上升,可溶性固形物和可滴定酸比值先升后降;贮藏后期果肉可滴定酸含量增加。而(3±0.5)℃低温贮藏可显著降低果实呼吸强度,抑制病原菌生长,延缓果实衰老和果皮细胞膜透性增加,延迟果皮褐变,减少果实失重和果肉营养成分变化,抑制果肉自溶,保持果实较高的品质,延长果实贮藏期。     

微乳化壳聚糖可食用膜的应用研究

以壳聚糖为主剂,加入不同助剂配成微乳化保鲜膜,在30±1℃下对西瓜和菠萝进行涂膜保鲜试验。结果表明:与对照组相比,微乳化壳聚糖涂膜处理可以有效地保持西瓜和菠萝的硬度和抑制可溶性固形物含量的下降;减少失重和腐烂率,保持了果实的贮藏品质,延长了果实的贮藏时间。     

柚类果实提取物生理功能及综合利用研究进展

柚类果形硕大,果皮厚,绝大部分品种的果皮占单果质量的40%～50%。本文从柚果果皮提取物的抗氧化与抑菌作用,精油、黄酮类物质、果胶、膳食纤维、色素、多糖、酚酸的提取工艺,果汁、果酱、果糕、果脯、罐头、果酒、果醋、鲜切柚瓣等柚果加工产品研制,新鲜花、幼果、种子的利用等方面,综述国内外对柚类果实加工及综合利用的研究进展,以期为柚类资源的深度开发利用提供参考。     

柑桔加工下脚料提取类胡萝卜素、橙皮苷、果胶和柠檬苦素

介绍了从柑桔加工下脚料提取类胡萝卜素、橙皮苷、果胶和柠檬苦素类产品的工艺方法 ,并简述了这些产品在医药、食品、日化等方面的应用