油莎豆油基低饱和人造奶油的制备及其在面包中的应用

为充分利用油莎豆油及改善人造奶油的营养品质,以油莎豆油和棕榈硬脂为原料制备人造奶油,与5种市售人造奶油的理化性质进行对比分析,并将其应用到面包制作中。结果表明：自制人造奶油的熔点(33.51℃)在5种市售人造奶油的熔点范围内(32.33～45.43℃),且满足LS/T 3217—1987标准要求;自制人造奶油具有较好的延展性、抗渗油能力以及良好的口融性,同时拥有较低的饱和脂肪酸含量(<40%)、动脉粥样硬化指数(0.56)和血栓形成指数(1.15);与市售人造奶油相比,自制人造奶油具有较多的β′晶型以及较好的热性质;添加自制人造奶油的面包,具有较低的烘焙损失率、较大的比容和较好的感官评分。综上,自制人造奶油具有良好的发展潜力,有望代替市售人造奶油应用到面包、饼干、甜点等焙烤领域。     

α-生育酚、VC硬脂酸酯和槲皮素在含松籽油酸结构脂中抗氧化作用的研究

通过Schaal烘箱(60℃)氧化法,比较α-生育酚(TOH)、抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯(AP)和槲皮素(Qu)对含有松籽油酸的软质黄油基料油(SL)的抗氧化作用。结果表明:经过30d的烘箱氧化后,SL中多不饱和脂肪酸的含量减少,其中功能性松籽油酸由7.10%降低到4.60%。AP和Qu能够有效降低多不饱和脂肪酸的氧化分解,并且显著抑制结构脂的过氧化值(POV)、酸值(AV)和硫代巴比妥酸值(TBARS)。AP和Qu的抗氧化作用随着添加量增加而增强。与低添加量(100mg/kg)TOH相比,高添加量(500 mg/kg)TOH有促进氧化作用,表现为增加酸值和硫代巴比妥酸值。另外,油脂氧化不仅改变了化学性质如脂肪酸组成、酸值、过氧化值和硫代巴比妥值等,而且改变了溶解和结晶曲线,添加抗氧化剂也对油脂氧化后的溶解结晶图谱有一定影响。     

流速对棕榈油基人造奶油物理特性的影响

研究了3种流速对棕榈油基人造奶油物理特性的影响,主要包括对产品熟化及其变温储藏过程中硬度、流变特性、晶体微观形态、晶体热稳定性和晶型的影响。结果表明:流速为30 L/h的样品熟化3 d后明显出现后硬现象,具有较大的黏弹特性,结晶网络遭受明显的破坏,在温度波动期间出现明显的起砂现象,储藏后期有较多β晶型的出现;流速50 L/h和70 L/h的样品具有合适的硬度和近似市售人造奶油的流变特性;流速50 L/h的样品抵抗温度波动能力强,能够较长时间维持β'晶型,流速70 L/h的样品在变温储藏后期有大量晶体转化为β晶型,差示扫描量热(DSC)曲线有少量波动,且存在起砂现象。因此,在实验条件下最佳流速为50 L/h。     

The Role of Water in Protection Against Thermal Deterioration of Liquid Margarine

The thermal stability of liquid margarine and vegetable oils was investigated by measuring the oxidative stability index (OSI) at temperatures ranging from 90 to 180 °C, whereas total polar compounds (TPC) and tocopherols (vitamin E) were measured during heating at 180 °C in frying trays. Results showed that the OSI of liquid margarine was in the same range as the OSI of vegetable oils at lower temperatures, but at 160 and 180 °C, liquid margarine had significantly higher thermal stability, close to that observed for hard margarine and butter. The increased stability was confirmed by lower levels of TPC and a smaller relative reduction in vitamin E content during heating. Variations between different vegetable oils could partly be explained by differences in degree of saturation and level of vitamin E, with high oleic sunflower oil being the most stable oil at all temperatures. The water in liquid margarine vaporized within 1.5 min at 160 °C, and it is hypothesized that volatile pro‐oxidants are removed with the water, inducing a delay in deterioration. The results indicate a role for water in preventing lipid oxidation and decomposition in fat emulsion products at 160–180 °C, suggesting that liquid margarine, low in saturated fat, may be the healthier and preferable alternative for pan‐frying compared to other liquid vegetable oils.     

Attraction responses of the American cockroach to synthetic periplanone-B

Synthetic periplanone-B has been shown not only to be a sex excitant to malePeriplaneta americana by bioassay in the laboratory but also an attractant pheromone by field tests in a rice storage house in Taipei. During both summer and winter months, it attracted signincantly more adult males into the traps used in the experiments than adult females. There is a statistically significant increase in the sex ratio (male-female) of the trapped adults with increase in periplanone-B used. An attempt has been made to explain the trapping of females and nymphs in addition to males by the chemicals used in our tests.