Effect of height on the corrosion of steel and galvanized steel in nontropical coastal marine environments

In this study, the behavior of carbon steel and galvanized steel in nontropical coastal marine environments was evaluated. Evaluation was carried out with specimens with dimensions of 10 cm × 10 cm × 0.3 cm. These specimens were exposed to four testing stations (Iquique, Mejillones, Los Vilos, and San Vicente), where racks were installed both at ground level (ground), as well as in the upper zone of electrical transmission towers (tower). In each station, 24 specimens of A36 carbon steel and galvanized steel were placed (12 each). The corrosivity of the environment was measured using the ISO 9223, 9225, and 9226 standards. The specimens were evaluated on-site, monthly, through visual inspection and photographic record. Once withdrawn, the corrosion rate was determined and the corrosion products were analyzed through Raman and Fourier-transform infrared. The results show that, in all cases, the corrosion rate is greater in the tower than on the ground. However, even though the Los Vilos station is located farther from the sea (3,500 vs. ≈500 m), the corrosion rate of steel in the tower is the highest. This is caused by the generation of HCl from the transformation of lepidocrocite into goethite, in the presence of low chloride content, which acidifies the steel/corrosion product interface. In the case of galvanized steel, the corrosion rate is a function of the chloride content in the atmosphere, obtaining an excellent correlation between both parameters.     

Microencapsulation of Oils: A Comprehensive Review of Benefits,Techniques, and Applications

Microencapsulation is a process of building a functional barrier between the core and wall material to avoid chemical and physical reactions and to maintain the biological, functional, and physicochemical properties of core materials. Microencapsulation of marine, vegetable, and essential oils has been conducted and commercialized by employing different methods including emulsification, spray‐drying, coaxial electrospray system, freeze‐drying, coacervation, in situ polymerization, melt‐extrusion, supercritical fluid technology, and fluidized‐bed‐coating. Spray‐drying and coacervation are the most commonly used techniques for the microencapsulation of oils. The choice of an appropriate microencapsulation technique and wall material depends upon the end use of the product and the processing conditions involved. Microencapsulation has the ability to enhance the oxidative stability, thermostability, shelf‐life, and biological activity of oils. In addition, it can also be helpful in controlling the volatility and release properties of essential oils. Microencapsulated marine, vegetable, and essential oils have found broad applications in various fields. This review describes the recognized benefits and functional properties of various oils, microencapsulation techniques, and application of encapsulated oils in various food, pharmaceutical, and even textile products. Moreover, this review may provide information to researchers working in the field of food, pharmacy, agronomy, engineering, and nutrition who are interested in microencapsulation of oils.     

加速溶剂萃取-超高效液相色谱荧光法测定海产品中苯并(a)芘

摘要：目的 研究建立海产品中苯并(a)芘(BaP)超高效液相色谱荧光(UHPLC-FLD)检测方法。方法：用乙腈加速溶剂萃取提取冻干海产品中的BaP,提取液用UHPLC-FLD测定,多环芳烃(PAHs)色谱柱（150x2.1mm,3um）分离,乙腈-水（75+25）为流动相,流速1mL/min,激发波长261nm,发射波长450nm。结果：BaP在0.2~40μg/kg浓度范围内线性良好,相关系数r2=0.9998,回收率98.3%,相对标准偏差为1.3%,最低检出限0.06μg/kg,实际样品检测良好。结论：该法简便快捷,溶剂用量少,灵敏度高,可用于海产品中BaP的检测。     

济阳坳陷古近系沙河街组海侵问题研究

从4个方面对济阳坳陷古近纪是否发生过海侵进行了论证:1盐类矿物演化序列的海相性特点;2海相遗迹化石Paleodictyon的发现;3Paleodictyon围岩中可以指示海侵发生的甲藻甾烷分子化石的发现;4有海侵证据的沙河街组沉积时期的湖进基本与全球范围的海侵吻合.研究结果表明,济阳坳陷古近纪沙河街组沉积期曾经受到过海水波及或短时期与海连通.海侵作用对研究区优质烃源岩的成因和中国东部渤海湾盆地的古地理格局以及新生代沉积盆地内的层序地层都具有重要作用.     

宁波港、舟山港石油类海洋环境的污染与防治

介绍了宁波港、舟山港石油类海洋环境污染物的来源情况，其污染源来自石油库、港口、油轮事故、污油和含油污水的排放以及船舶修理、船舶清洗等。石油类海洋污染会使海产品大大减少，危及人类的食物来源。为此，提出了要加强环境保护宣传，在油库集中的地方，以大型油库为依托，对含油污水作集中处理，建立油轮突发事故应急处理体系，并定期预演等防治海洋石油类污染的建议。     

塔里木盆地北部雅克拉地区海相油气成藏特征与运聚过程

在前人研究基础上,结合塔里木盆地雅克拉地区海相油气地球化学特征,利用流体包裹体法对雅克拉海相油气的成藏期次进行厘定,并通过分析该区油气关键成藏期的构造演化过程,来确定油气聚集和调整的有利勘探区。雅克拉地区主要存在喜马拉雅早期（45.5～16.5 Ma）和喜马拉雅中—晚期（22～4 Ma）2期海相油气成藏过程,具有多期充注和晚期成藏的特点。雅克拉地区在喜马拉雅晚期的“构造翘倾”作用控制了海相油气的晚期充注和成藏有利区。喜马拉雅早期,雅克拉地区前中生界构造呈北东高、西南低的构造格局,油气充注范围广,雅克拉—雅东构造圈闭群均处于海相油气充注的有利范围内。喜马拉雅晚期受库车坳陷快速沉降,雅克拉地区中新生界构造发生了“翘倾”作用,前中生界构造由原来的北东高和西南低格局转变为北东低和西南高的构造格局,轮台断裂构造带及其以南圈闭是晚期海相油气充注的有利区。同时构造“翘倾”使喜马拉雅早期充注的海相油气藏遭受破坏或向南调整聚集。     

海洋纤溶酶高产菌株的选育及产酶条件优化

以海洋枯草芽孢杆菌FA-7为出发菌株,经紫外诱变获得一株遗传稳定性良好的高产纤溶酶菌株Y-22,并对该菌株的发酵培养基和发酵条件进行优化,确定菌株Y-22的最佳产酶条件为可溶性淀粉4％,黄豆粕粉2．5％,CaCl20．025％,MgSO4·7H：00．35％,吐温-80O．15％;接种量4％,装液量50mt：250mL,初始pH值为5．5,发酵温度30℃,180r／min振荡培养96h。在此条件下,菌株Y-22的发酵液粗酶酶活为（910±11．3）1U／mL,是出发菌株的3．05倍。     

大孔树脂D380固定化橄榄绿链霉菌E-86来源木聚糖酶的研究

选择有代表性的 1 4种吸附和离子交换树脂进行了橄榄绿链霉菌E 86来源的木聚糖酶固定化试验 ,筛选出固定化效果较好的 72 4和D3 80两种树脂 ;对含伯氨基的离子交换树脂D3 80采用戊二醛进行交联固定化 ,研究了其固定化条件。结果表明 ,戊二醛浓度为1 % ,处理 3 0min ,加酶量为 0 8～ 1mL ,酶液pH 5 8,2 5℃ ,5～ 1 0h固定化处理效果最好 ,获得的固定化酶活力可达 64U/ g(载体 )。     

海相烃源岩发育环境与岩石的沉积序列——以鄂尔多斯盆地为例

国内外海相大油气田的烃源岩多为黏土矿物含量较高的泥页岩、油页岩和泥灰岩,形成于由台地向海槽过渡的深水斜坡环境,而碳酸盐岩形成于与大气交换条件较好的浅水环境,是有机质丰度低和干酪根类型差的根本原因。从机理上讲,碳酸盐岩排烃效率低于泥质岩,并且不存在有机碳含量随成熟度升高而有规律降低的现象,不能成为有效烃源岩。鄂尔多斯盆地西缘中奥陶统平凉组自东而西发育的碳酸盐岩—泥质岩、灰岩—硅质页岩和海底碎屑岩反映了海相沉积因水深变大而形成的岩性序列,含有机质丰度高的泥质和泥灰质烃源岩形成于深水斜坡相的古地理环境中。