Integrated effects of ascorbic acid,flavonoids and sugars on thermal degradation of anthocyanins in blood orange juice

This study aimed to elucidate how the major intrinsic factors, such as ascorbic acid (AA), flavonoids and sugars affected the thermal degradation of blood orange anthocyanins. The results in our study indicated that AA and sugars significantly accelerated anthocyanins degradation while flavonoids had a protective effect on degradation of anthocyanins. Flavonoids and AA could reduce the influence of temperature on anthocyanins degradation rate. However, the promoting effects of sugars on anthocyanins degradation correlated with the temperature. Moreover, the degradation of anthocyanins in the presence of sugars followed complex reaction kinetics when temperature was above 70 °C, and the promoting effects of sugars on anthocyanins degradation were glucose < sucrose < fructose. The results also indicated that flavonoids had a protective effect against either AA or sugars accelerated the degradation of anthocyanins, and this protective effect played a more important role in the degradation of anthocyanins comparing to the negative effect of AA or sugars. In addition, AA and sugars showed a synergistic effect on the degradation of anthocyanins at all our investigation temperatures except 90 °C.     

Fe-Based Powders Prepared by Ball-Milling with Considerable Degradation Efficiency to Methyl Orange Compared with Fe-Based Metallic Glasses

In this study, the degradation efficiencies of zero-valent iron(ZVI) powders with different structures and components were evaluated for methyl orange(MO). The results show that the structure is an essential factor that affects degradation, and added non-metallic elements help optimize the structure. The amorphous and balled-milled crystalline Fe_(70) Si_(10) B_(20) has comparative degradation efficiencies to MO with t1/2 values of 6.9 and 7.0 min, respectively. Increasing the boron content can create a favorable structure and promote degradation. The ball-milled crystalline Fe_(70) B_(30) and Fe_(43.64 )B_(56.36) powders have relatively short t1/2 values of 5.2 and 3.3 min, respectively. The excellent properties are mainly attributed to their heterogeneous structure with boron-doped active sites in ZVI. Composition segregation in the nanoscale range in an amorphous FeSiB alloy and small boron particles in the microscale range embedded in large iron particles prepared by ballmilling, both constitute effective galvanic cells that promote iron electron loss and therefore decompose organic chemicals.These findings may provide a new, highly efficient, low-cost commercial method for azo dye wastewater treatment using ZVI.     

聚吡咯纳米管对抗坏血酸的电化学检测

为了改善导电聚吡咯对于抗坏血酸的电化学检测性能,采用以甲基橙为软模板,制备了聚吡咯纳米管。利用扫描电子显微、红外光谱、X射线衍射、X射线光电子能谱对产物的结构与微观形貌进行了表征。分别将聚吡咯纳米管与聚吡咯纳米颗粒对抗坏血酸进行电化学检测。循环伏安测试结果表明,聚吡咯纳米管和聚吡咯纳米颗粒对于抗坏血酸都有明显的电化学响应,同时聚吡咯纳米管的比聚吡咯纳米颗粒的响应电流更大,表明聚吡咯纳米管具有更好的电化学检测能力。差分脉冲伏安法研究发现抗坏血酸浓度在0.5 mmol/L~20 mmol/L和20 mmol/L~45 mmol/L范围内,与峰值电流呈良好的线性关系。这表明聚吡咯纳米管作为电化学传感器材料有很好的应用前景。     

Visible Light Photocatalysis of Ni-Deposited TiO_2 Nanotubes for Methyl Orange Degradation in Alkaline Medium

The photocatalysis of Ti O2nanotubes(Ti/TNT) and Ni-deposited Ti O2nanotubes(Ti/TNT–Ni) for methyl orange degradation was investigated.Methyl orange was selected as the model pollutant,and its photocatalytic degradation was determined in 1 mol/L KOH solution.Ti/TNT was produced by anodizing method,and the electrodeposition of nickel on TNT was performed galvanostatically.The characterization of electrodes was performed by scanning electron microscopy,energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis.The electrochemical behavior of the electrodes was determined by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.The irradiation was applied by visible light source(k = 635 nm) for 48 h.UV/vis spectroscopy was used for determination of the concentration of methyl orange.Furthermore,after 48-h irradiation,the solutions were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.Results showed that the concentration of methyl orange decreased from 100 ppm(10-6) to 16 ppm,after48-h irradiation with the photocatalysis of Ti/TNT–Ni.     

P25对TiO_2镀膜光催化活性的影响

通过向钛酸四正丁酯溶胶中添加纳米级TiO2粉末（P25）,来提高煅烧TiO2镀层的光催化活性。用不锈钢丝网作为煅烧TiO2镀层载体,以甲基橙降解效果来衡量TiO2镀层的光催化活性。实验结果表明,当溶胶中P25添加量为1g／L、镀膜次数为4次时,镀层光催化活性达到最大,150min内甲基橙降解率达到69．8％。     

Preparation and photocatalytic activity of nano-sized nickel molybdate (NiMoO4) doped bismuth titanate (Bi2Ti4O11) (NMBT) composite

Various compositions of nano-sized (NiMoO₄)_x-doped Bi₂Ti₄O₁₁ (x = 0.01, 0.05, 0.1) composites have been prepared by chemical solution decomposition (CSD) method using triethanolamine (TEA) as complexing agent. Ni(II) is one of reactive species on the catalyst surface and Mo(VI) ion helps to compensate the charge of the lattice. The photocatalysts based on the above compositions have been tested for photobleaching of methyl orange (MO) solution under Hg-lamp. The prepared nanopowders are characterized by XRD, EDAX, UV–vis spectra, specific surface area (BET), zeta potential, ESR and HRTEM analyses. The average particle size of nickel molybdate-doped bismuth titanate lies around 30 ± 2 nm measured from TEM. Result shows nickel molybdate-doped bismuth titanate (NiMoO₄)_x(Bi₂Ti₄O₁₁)_1−x (NM_xBT_1−x; x = 0.01) composite is found to be more photoactive compared all the compositions studied except degussa P25 titania.     

The relationship between photo-catalytic performance and optical property over Si-incorporated TiO2

This study focuses on the relationship between photo-catalytic performance and optical property over Si-incorporated TiO₂. The Si-incorporated TiO₂ particles exhibited a pure structure of anatase having a particle size of less than 20 nm and surface area of more than 190 m²/g. The absorbance did not shift to a higher wavelength in spite of the incorporation of the Si ions, but the intensity of the photoluminescence (PL) curve was the smallest in the case of the 2.0 mol% Si-TiO₂, which was related to the recombination between the excited electrons and holes. Based on these results, the photodecomposition of methyl orange in the liquid reaction was enhanced over the 2.0 mol% Si-incorporated TiO₂ compared with that over pure TiO₂: Methyl orange at 10.0 ppm was completely decomposed after 100 min when 1.0 g of the 2.0 mol% Si-incorporated TiO₂ was used.     

响应面法在豆纤维橙味曲奇饼干研制中的应用

本文以面粉、豆纤维粉、橙皮糖为主要原料,通过单因素实验,研究豆纤维粉添加量、橙皮糖添加量、糖油质量比(黄油与糖粉的比值)对豆纤维橙味曲奇饼干的感官评分和硬度的影响。按Box-Behnken法设计试验方案,运用响应面分析法建立多元二次非线性回归方程,以感官评分为指标,优化豆纤维橙味曲奇饼干配方,确定豆纤维粉添加量、橙皮糖添加量、糖油质量比。结果表明,豆纤维橙味曲奇饼干的最佳添加量为:豆纤维粉添加量为26%(以面粉与豆纤维粉的总量为基准)、橙皮糖添加量为16%、糖油质量比为2:1。在此条件下的曲奇饼干色泽均匀,硬度、甜度适中,并具有橙皮特有的清香以及豆纤维食品的独特口感,其感官评分为(87.3±1.1)分,与预测值87.7分接近,偏差为0.4%,说明该模型下确定的产品配方对实际生产具有较好的指导和应用价值。     

乳液粒径对橙皮精油微胶囊物理性质和氧化稳定性的影响

本文以橙皮精油为芯材,变性淀粉和麦芽糊精为壁材,通过高压(1000、2500、3500和22000 psi)均质制备了不同粒径橙油乳液,从而探讨乳液粒径对喷雾干燥橙油微胶囊平均粒径、包埋率、总油量、含水量、微观形貌以及重组乳液粒径分布的影响。同时以柠檬烯氧化程度评价微胶囊稳定性并预测其货架期。结果表明,均质压力越高,乳液粒径越小。乳液粒径对微胶囊的总油量(1.5 g/20 g)、包埋率(>95%)和含水量(<4%)没有明显影响,但会影响微胶囊的平均粒径、微观形貌以及重组乳液的粒径分布。乳液粒径越小,微胶囊平均粒径越小,表面越光滑,重组乳液也具有更窄的粒径分布。微胶囊在37 ℃贮藏5周,经零级动力学方程拟合氧化柠檬烯/柠檬烯(mg/g)变化的结果表明,以22000 psi制备的微胶囊货架期可长达11周左右,是其余微胶囊货架期的2.97~4.63倍。研究结果可为喷雾干燥精油微胶囊的工艺优化及质量控制提供理论参考。     

60Co-γ射线联合甜橙精油微胶囊对小龙虾的保鲜作用

目的 探究辐照联合甜橙精油微胶囊对4℃贮藏温度下小龙虾品质的影响。方法 将甜橙精油微胶囊同新鲜去壳小龙虾肉一起封装, 经60Co-γ射线辐照6 kGy处理后贮存于4℃冷藏中。以挥发性盐基氮(total volatile basic nitrogen, TVB-N)值、硫代巴比妥酸(thiobarbituric acid, TBA)值、pH、感官评价、十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, SDS-PAGE)、扫描电镜(scanning electron microscope, SEM)肌肉微观组织结构分析以及菌落总数为品质指标对保鲜效果进行评价。结果 经60Co-γ射线联合甜橙精油微胶囊对小龙虾保鲜处理后, 第8 d时TVB-N值为16.73 mg/100 g, 菌落总数为5.42 lg CFU/g, TBA值为0.561 mg/kg, 均未超过可食用标准, 而对照组已不可食用, 且第10 d时pH为7.7, 各项指标明显好于对照组。结论 说明60Co-γ联合甜橙精油微胶囊对小龙虾具有较好的保鲜效果, 且在4℃冷藏下, 对小龙虾的货架期可以延长至7 d。