Use of species-specific antisera to adrenal heat-stable antigens for the identification of raw and cooked meats by agar gel diffusion and counter immunoelectrophoretic techniques

Rabbit antisera to adrenal heat-stable and ethanol-precipitable antigens of buffalo, cattle, sheep, goat and pig were used to develop an agar gel precipitation test and a counter immunoelectrophoretic method for the identification of homologous species in raw, partially heated and boiled meat extracts. Immunoabsorption was necessary to make the primary antisera species specific. The specific antisera can be recommended for identification of the species of origin of meats and their mixtures (5-10% adulteration) in raw, partially heated and cooked states even in the case of closely related species, viz cattle and buffalo, sheep and goat.     

中式传统肉制品的理化特性与贮藏稳定性的研究

对中式传统肉制品肉干、肉脯、肉松、香肠、香肚等进行了理化特性及细菌总数的测定,结果表明,这类传统肉制品的水分活度（Ａ＿ｗ）在０．５５～０．８３之间,水分含量在１３～２６％,属于中低水分肉制品的范畴,对肉松和肉脯进行了为期７个月的贮藏试验,结果表明在常温下对微生物十分稳定,属于低水分活度的货架稳定食品,而ＴＢＡ值的结果显示脂类的氧化在贮藏过程中十分明显。对香肠和肉枣肠的贮藏观察结果表明,在常温下贮藏时间过长易发生霉变和酸败,因而建议进行真空包装是十分必要的。     

微波辅助酱制生产酱卤肉制品的工艺优化

为缩短酱卤肉制品的酱制时间,改善产品质构,采用传统卤液酱制与微波酱制的联合的酱制工艺。在单因素实验的基础上,应用响应面法（RSM）,以剪切力、咀嚼性、感官评分三个指标的综合评分为响应值,采用Box-Behnken实验设计并优化卤液酱制时间、微波酱制时间及微波酱制功率。结果表明最佳工艺参数为:卤液酱制时间80 min,微波酱制时间175 s,微波酱制功率800 W,在此条件下酱卤肉制品剪切力959.38 g,咀嚼性1139.42 g,感官评分93.9,综合评分90.91,综合评分与理论预测值相比误差为1.43%。优化所得工艺不仅保持了产品的风味色泽,而且使酱制时间缩短了27 min。      

Functionality of Wheat Germ Protein in Comminuted Meat Products as Compared with Corn Germ and Soy Proteins

Wheat germ protein flour (WGPF), corn germ protein flour (CGPF), and soy flour (SF) were used as additives at a level of 3.5% in comminuted meat products (CMP). Frankfurters with protein additives showed increased water-holding capacity and batter stability and decreased cooking loss. Improved viscosity and adhesiveness were observed with protein additives when the level of added water was constant. Protein additives also influenced textural and sensory properties of frankfurters. WGPF at a level of 3.5% was found similar to effects of SF and CGPF. WGPF is a potential nonmeat protein additive that can be utilized as an extender in CMP such as frankfurters and bologna.     

肉类微生物学(九) 肉类微生物的控制

肉类的腐败变质主要是由微生物引起的,本文主要介绍了肉类微生物控制的三个基本策略,即防止微生物的生长、杀死微生物.促进有益微生物的生长,使其抑制有害微生物的生长,并重点介绍了各种不同的控制措施.     

Use of visible spectroscopy to assess colour development during ageing of fresh pork from different quality classes

The objective of this research was to study the entire visible spectra evolution during meat ageing in different pork meat quality classes (PSE, DFD and RFN). The potential use of the visible spectra for discriminating low meat quality classes during the 24 hours postmortem (hpm) was also analysed. For these purposes, 26 pork loins were used: 3 PSE (pale, soft and exudative), 3 DFD (dark, firm and dry) and 20 RFN (red, firm and non‐exudative). At 12, 24, 48 h and 7 days postmortem, reflectance spectra (400–700 nm) were obtained by a spectrocolorimeter Minolta CM‐3600D after one and a half hour of blooming time. It was demonstrated that the ageing time has an influence in colour parameters and in blooming ability of RFN loins. The evolution of visible spectra was influenced by ageing time in PSE and RFN loins, while the visible spectra of DFD loins showed no variation with postmortem time. The results showed the possibility of separating PSE meats from the other classes by using visible reflectance spectra at 24 hpm.     

Analysis of heterocyclic amines and β-carbolines by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry in cooked meats commonly consumed in Korea

Heterocyclic amines (HAs), which form in meats during heating and cooking, are recognized as mutagenic and carcinogenic compounds. In this study, 13 HAs and 2 β-carbolines (BCs) were analyzed in cooked Korean meat products, including griddled bacon, griddled pork loin, boiled pork loin, boiled chicken meat, chicken meat stock, chicken breast for salad and chicken patty. The samples were either cooked in the laboratory or purchased from local fast-food restaurants. The HAs and BCs in the samples were separated using solid-phase extraction and were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (HPLC–MS). The most frequently detected HAs and BCs in the cooked meats were harman (1-methyl-9H pyrido[4,3-b]indole; 990.9 ng g^?1), norharman (9H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole; 412.7 ng g^?1) and PhIP (2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine; 258.2 ng g^?1). The griddled pork loin and bacon contained higher levels of norharman, harman and PhIP than the other cooked meats. PhIP, which is classified as a Group 2B carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, had levels of 258.2 and 168.2 ng g^?1 in the griddled pork loin and griddled bacon, respectively. The griddled bacon was the only sample containing TriMeIQx (2-amino-3,4,7,8-tetramethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline; 79.9 ng g^?1). IQ (2-amino-3-methyl imidazo[4,5-f]quinoline), 7,8-DiMeIQx (2-amino-3,7,8-trimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline), 4,8-DiMeIQx (2-amino-3,4,8-trimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline) and AαC (2-amino-9H-pyrido[2,3-b]indole) were detected at trace levels in all samples.     

肉类掺杂掺假的高光谱成像检测研究进展

肉类的掺杂掺假是国内外普遍关注的公共安全问题,对社会经济、健康、环境等方面具有潜在影响.近年来,不法商家为牟取暴利导致肉类掺杂掺假现象层出不穷、多种多样,针对此类问题研究行之有效的检测技术与方法以保障肉品真实性具有重要意义.高光谱成像技术以快速、非侵入、图谱合一等优势在食品农产品检测领域发展迅速,不仅可同时提取图像及光...