加筋垫层对桩-网复合地基桩土应力比影响试验

由于加筋材料的拉膜效应,加筋垫层不仅加大了桩体承担荷载的能力,对上部路堤填土中的拱效应也有直接的影响。为了较好地研究加筋垫层对路堤荷载下桩-网复合地基桩土应力比的影响,设计了模型对比试验,分别对垫层底面和顶面的土压力进行了连续观测。结果表明,加筋垫层有助于桩-网复合地基桩土应力比的提高,尤其在填筑初期桩土应力比增长较快,并能进一步削弱上部路堤填土中的拱效应。因此加筋垫层可以提高桩-网复合地基桩的应力比,并且可以削弱上部路堤的拱效应。     

员工心理健康应纳入培训体系

电网企业员工职业倦怠、心理困扰、心理压力颇多,因此倡导加强企业员工的心理培训,为员工提供精神支持与心理辅导,建立员工心理调适机制,并提出员工心理健康培训方法.     

承压式溢流井淤积实验研究

为研究承压式溢流井的淤积规律,通过模型实验实测了井底面速度分布,并据此计算出相应的床面切应力。根据相似准则进行泥沙沉积实验,得到不同工况下的泥沙沉积分布。结果显示,溢流井内流场在恒定流工况时由一对大致对称的椭圆形涡流组成,而且涡流周围区域的紊动能及切应力均较大,其冲刷力亦较强,泥沙难以沉积下来。涡流中心和四周角落区域的切应力及冲刷力较小,有大量泥沙沉积。分析比较泥沙沉积位置与切应力分布,即可估计出模型沙的临界切应力值为0.05～0.07N/m2。     

预应力锚索张拉应力损失的探讨和解决方法

目前在边坡加固工程的预应力锚索张拉过程中张拉应力损失是极其常见的问题,常导致张拉质量低下等严重的工程质量问题．结合一高边坡治理工地的抗滑桩锚索张拉实例,做两组平行试验,探讨锚索张拉过程的应力损失问题,发现对锚索进行预张拉能有效的减少张拉应力的损失,在工程实际允许的情况下,预张拉应力越大,张拉应力损失越小．并总结出一些合理的锚索施工方法,同样能减少张拉应力的损失．     

A modern and robust methodology for modeling anisotropic creep characteristics of Ni-based DS and SC superalloys

According to more recent work,the Wilshire equations have shown good prediction accuracy in a wide range of materials and stress-temperature conditions,particularly in extrapolation of short term results to long term predictions.In the current paper,this methodology was further developed for modeling anisotropic creep characteristics(i.e.minimum creep strain εmin ,stress rupture life tf and time to a specified strain tε)of four typical Ni-based directionally solidified(DS)and single crystal(SC)superalloys,where a simple orientation factor related to the ultimate tensile strength(UTS)was introduced.The application of these simplistic approaches showed that the anisotropic creep characteristics in a wide range of stress-temperature conditions can be accurately simulated.Meanwhile,during the application of the modified Wilshire equations,break points occurring at the specified stress levels agree well with the transition of creep deformation mechanisms occurring in different stress regions,which provides confidence for using this method.     

An experimental study of the incipient bed shear stress partition in mobile bed channels filled with emergent rigid vegetation

This paper investigates the bed shear stress based on the condition of the incipient motion of sediment in a uniform-flow flume covered with emergent rigid vegetation,which is represented by arrays of circular cylinders arranged in a regular pattern.A total of 148 tests are performed to observe the influence of the vegetation density,bed slope,flow depth and sediment size on the bed shear stress.The tests reveal that when the sediment is in incipient motion,the resistances acting on the flow passing the rigid vegetation contain the vegetation resistance and the bed shear stress.This shear stress could be divided into two parts:the grain shear stress and the shear stress caused by sand dunes,which are the deformed bedform with the sediment incipient motion.An empirical relationship between the shear stress of the sand dune and vegetation density,the Froude number,the apparent vegetation layer velocity is developed.     

Deformation effect of lateral roof roadway in close coal seams after repeated mining

This paper analyzed the deformation mechanism in lateral roof roadway of the Ding Wu-3 roadway which was disturbed by repeated mining of close coal seams Wu-8 and Wu-10 in Pingdingshan No. 1 Mine. To determine the strata disturbance scope, the strata displacement angle was used to calculate the protection pillar width. A numerical model was built considering the field geological conditions. In simulation, the mining stress borderline was defined as the contour where the induced stress is 1.5 times of the original stress. Simulation results show the mining stress borderline of the lateral roadway extended 91.7 m outward after repeated mining. Then the original stress increased, deforming the roadway of interest. This deformation agreed with the in situ observations. Moreover, the strata displacement angle changed due to repeated mining. Therefore, reselection of the displacement angle was required to design the protective pillar width. Since a constant strata displacement angle was used in traditional design, the proposed method was beneficial in field cases.     

小净距盾构隧道施工管片附加应力监测与分析

为了研究在小净距隧道施工过程中新建隧道对先行隧道内力的影响,本文通过实际工程现场监测数据,总结了先行隧道管片附加内力大小及变化规律.采用振弦式表面应变计和频率读数仪对北京地铁某区间先行隧道管片环向和纵向的附加应力进行了现场监测,给出了环向附加应力和纵向附加应力历时变化曲线,并对不同测点附加应力在历时变化中最大值及稳定值进行了比较分析.监测结果表明:环向应力为压应力,其量值比纵向应力的量值大,且水平直径处受力最大,最大值达12.77 MPa.所得结论定量评价了小净距盾构隧道施工相互影响程度,为盾构隧道设计施工监测提供参考依据.     

近场空爆载荷作用下船体板变形估算方法

鉴于目前我国舰船空中爆炸结构响应试验数据的匮乏以及对复杂结构采用理论求得解析解的困难,对船体板结构在空中近场爆炸载荷作用下的破坏估算方法进行研究.根据爆轰波理论及气体膨胀理论计算出空中近场爆炸载荷的形式及其正压作用时间,应用应力波及塑性动力学理论推导船体板结构的变形,得到不同空爆工况下船体板的破口大小及挠度.通过算例进行验证,计算结果与经验值良好吻合.所推导的估算方法应用于舰船结构在空中近场爆炸冲击波作用下产生的毁伤能够满足工程计算精度要求,可作为舰船防护结构的设计依据.     

路堤下盖板涵的竖向土压力分布

由于盖板在填土压力作用下发生挠曲变形,针对盖板涵对竖向土压力分布的影响,推导了盖板涵竖向土压力分布计算公式.假设盖板发生弹性挠曲变形,填土服从Winkler弹性地基条件,对盖板上修正的Marston填土涵洞竖向土压力分布进行了分析.结果表明,该修正公式考虑了盖板涵内外土柱差异沉降的应力集中效应,可计算由于盖板挠曲变形而引起的土压力重分布.通过对鹤大高速公路某盖板涵进行现场测试以及有限元数值模拟分析,结果显示盖板涵土压力的分布特点与本文理论分析相一致,且理论公式计算结果值与现场实测值吻合较好.