A Quaternary van der Waals Ferromagnetic Semiconductor AgVP2Se6

The recent realization of 2D magnetism in van der Waals (vdWs) magnets holds promise for future information technology. However, the vdWs semiconducting ferromagnets, which remain rare, are especially important in developing 2D magnetic devices with new functionalities due to the possibility of simultaneous control of the carrier charge and spin. Metal thiophosphate (MTP), a multifunctional vdWs material system that combines the sought‐after properties of complex oxides, is a promising vdWs magnet system. Here, single crystals of a novel vdWs ferromagnetic semiconductor MTP AgVP₂Se₆ with a room‐temperature resistivity of 1 Ω m are successfully synthesized. Due to the nature of vdWs bonding along the c‐axis, the magnetic properties of the few‐layer AgVP₂Se₆ with different thicknesses are characterized on the exfoliated samples. The AgVP₂Se₆ flakes exhibit significant thickness‐dependent magnetic properties, and a rectangular hysteresis loop with a large coercive field of 750 Oe at 2 K and an undiminished Curie temperature of 19 K are observed in the 6.7 nm AgVP₂Se₆ flake. The discovered vdWs ferromagnet AgVP₂Se₆ with semiconducting behavior will provide alternative platforms for exploring 2D magnetism and potential applications in spintronic devices.     

Emerging Dual‐Channel Transition‐Metal‐Oxide Quasiaerogels by Self‐Embedded Templating

The lack of precise control of particle sizes is the critical challenge in the assembly of 3D interconnected transition‐metal oxide (TMO) for newly‐emerging energy conversion devices. A self‐embedded templating strategy for preparing the TMO@carbon quasiaerogels (TMO@C‐QAs) is proposed. By mimicking an aerogel structure at a microscale, the TMO@C‐QA successfully assembles size‐controllable TMO nanoparticles into 3D interconnected structure with surface‐enriched carbon species. The morphological evolutions of intermediates verify that the self‐embedded Ostwald ripening templating approach is responsible for the dual‐channel TMO@C‐QA formation. The general self‐embedded templating strategy is easily extended to prepare various TMO@C‐QAs, including the Co₃O₄@C‐QA, Mn₃O₄@C‐QA, Fe₂O₃@C‐QA, and NiO@C‐QA. Benefiting from the unparalleled 3D interconnected network of aerogels, the Co₃O₄@C‐QA displays superior bifunctional catalytic activities for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), as well as high specific capacity and excellent long‐term stability for lithium‐ion battery (LIB) anode. A proof‐of‐concept battery‐powered electrolyzer with Co₃O₄@C‐QA cathode and anode powered by a full LIB with Co₃O₄@C‐QA anode is presented. The battery‐powered electrolyzer made of the state‐of‐the‐art TMOs can exhibit great competitive advantages due to its supreme multifunctional energy conversion performance for future water electrolysis.     

Sub‐Millimeter‐Scale Monolayer p‐Type H‐Phase VS2

2D H‐phase vanadium disulfide (VS₂) is expected to exhibit tunable semiconductor properties as compared with its metallic T‐phase structure, and thus is of promise for future electronic applications. However, to date such 2D H‐phase VS₂ nanostructures have not been realized in experiment likely due to the polymorphs of vanadium sulfides and thermodynamic instability of H‐phase VS₂. Preparation of H‐phase VS₂ monolayer with lateral size up to 250 µm, as a new member in the 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) family, is reported. A unique growth environment is built by introducing the molten salt‐mediated precursor system as well as the epitaxial mica growth platform, which successfully overcomes the aforementioned growth challenges and enables the evolution of 2D H‐phase structure of VS₂. The honeycomb‐like structure of H‐phase VS₂ with broken inversion symmetry is confirmed by spherical aberration‐corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy and second harmonic generation characterization. The phase structure is found to be ultra‐stable up to 500 K. The field‐effect device study further demonstrates the p‐type semiconducting nature of the 2D H‐phase VS₂. The study introduces a new phase‐stable 2D TMDs materials with potential features for future electronic devices.     

Transition‐Metal Dichalcogenide NiTe2: An Ambient‐Stable Material for Catalysis and Nanoelectronics

By means of theory and experiments, the application capability of nickel ditelluride (NiTe₂) transition‐metal dichalcogenide in catalysis and nanoelectronics is assessed. The Te surface termination forms a TeO₂ skin in an oxygen environment. In ambient atmosphere, passivation is achieved in less than 30 min with the TeO₂ skin having a thickness of about 7 Å. NiTe₂ shows outstanding tolerance to CO exposure and stability in water environment, with subsequent good performance in both hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions. NiTe₂‐based devices consistently demonstrate superb ambient stability over a timescale as long as one month. Specifically, NiTe₂ has been implemented in a device that exhibits both superior performance and environmental stability at frequencies above 40 GHz, with possible applications as a receiver beyond the cutoff frequency of a nanotransistor.     

High‐Power Lithium Metal Batteries Enabled by High‐Concentration Acetonitrile‐Based Electrolytes with Vinylene Carbonate Additive

To enable next‐generation high‐power, high‐energy‐density lithium (Li) metal batteries (LMBs), an electrolyte possessing both high Li Coulombic efficiency (CE) at a high rate and good anodic stability on cathodes is critical. Acetonitrile (AN) is a well‐known organic solvent for high anodic stability and high ionic conductivity, yet its application in LMBs is limited due to its poor compatibility with Li metal anodes even at high salt concentration conditions. Here, a highly concentrated AN‐based electrolyte is developed with a vinylene carbonate (VC) additive to suppress Li⁺ depletion at high current densities. Addition of VC to the AN‐based electrolyte leads to the formation of a polycarbonate‐based solid electrolyte interphase, which minimizes Li corrosion and leads to a very high Li CE of up to 99.2% at a current density of 0.2 mA cm^‐2. Using such an electrolyte, fast charging of Li||NMC333 cells is realized at a high current density of 3.6 mA cm^‐2, and stable cycling of Li||NMC622 cells with a high cathode loading of 4 mAh cm^‐2 is also demonstrated.     

激光熔注法制备WC颗粒增强金属基复合材料层

采用激光熔注(LMI)技术在Q235钢表面制备WC颗粒增强的金属基复合材料(MMC)层。在激光熔注工艺特性和熔注层宏观特征分析的基础上,采用X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)对激光熔注层微观组织结构进行了分析。结果表明,WC颗粒注入到熔池的整个深度和宽度范围内,并且在熔注层中的分布比较均匀。WC颗粒的加入改变了熔池的化学成分,熔注层中出现了新相Fe3W3C。在熔注层上部存在较多Fe3W3C枝晶和少量枝晶间共晶,在熔注层下部枝晶数量减少,共晶数量明显增多。激光熔注层中不同WC颗粒周围反应层的尺寸和形貌存在很大差别。WC颗粒注入位置是决定反应层尺寸的重要因素。     

超短脉冲激光烧蚀金属薄膜材料的热效应分析

基于双曲双温两步热传导模型,利用具有人工粘性和自适应步长的有限差分算法,对超短脉冲激光辐照金膜时的温度场进行了一维数值模拟计算.讨论了不同能量密度和脉冲宽度条件下金膜表面温度场的分布情况;分析了电子-晶格耦合系数对薄膜体内温度场的变化规律及电子-品格耦合至热平衡所需时间的影响.结果表明,激光脉冲的能量密度和脉冲宽度对电子温度的峰值有重大影响;电子-晶格的耦合系数决定了二者的温升速率和耦合时间;电子温度及电子温度的梯度在接近表面区域迅速达到最大值,与之相应的热电子崩力是造成金属薄膜早期力学损伤的主要原因.     

金属管材激光弯曲成形的扫描路径规划

基于几何曲率方法,针对AIS1304L不锈钢金属直管的激光平面弯曲成形和三维空间弯曲成形进行了路径规划的研究.对平面内弯曲成形,根据目标管形的极值点和拐点将管材分段,取极值点作为路径规划的初始位置,对各分段采用不同的扫描间距以确定加热扫描路径.对三维空间弯曲成形,采用投影分解的方法,把三维成形曲面投影分解为两个二维曲面,分别获取扫描路径和工艺参数,然后组合与简化,获取三维弯曲成形的扫描路径.实验采用Nd:YAG固体激光器,以平面内正弦曲面弯曲和空间螺旋管弯曲两种形式为例,作为目标形状进行扫描路径规划与实验验证,扫描弯曲结果证明了扫描路径规划方法的有效性.     

带涂层金属板件缺陷的激光超声检测研究

针对带涂层金属板件的缺陷检测存在分辨率低,形状、尺寸难确定等问题,基于热弹激励原理、依托两套不同的检测系统对带涂层金属板件的缺陷进行检测,展开对激光超声检测技术的方法研究。首先通过实验验证这项技术的可行性和有效性、检验涂层对缺陷检验有无影响,其次利用实验产生的数据以及图像分析了涂层影响下缺陷波形并对缺陷波进行理论分析,然后对波形参数进行了实时计算最终得到了50 μm涂层影响下缺陷的形状和尺寸特征 。研究结果表明:激光超声检测技术可以实现对带涂层机械板件缺陷的定性定量检测,可应用于工程领域的实时在线检测,并有良好的发展前景。