磷酸酯化淀粉的高效湿法合成研究

本研究选用磷酸盐组合物,进行在低温下的淀粉高效磷酸酯化反应。结果表明,在湿法的低温条件下,采用适当的复合磷酸盐及反应促进体系,体系中淀粉浓度在40%～42%,磷酸氢二钠和磷酸二氢钠的比例为0.5,复合盐用量15%,pH保持在5～6之间,50℃反应5 h,Gx16在1%～5%的用量,可以显著提高淀粉的磷酸酯化程度(以结合磷含量表示),同时由于反应效率的提高,使湿法的反应均匀性,残留磷酸盐含量可控性,流程简洁、方便等优势得以突出,对比现实的生产工艺,该方法在稳定质量、节能降耗、减少污染排放等方面都极具优势,有重要的推广价值。     

A model of unfrozen water content in rock during freezing and thawing with experimental validation by nuclear magnetic resonance

The unfrozen water content of rock during freezing and thawing has an important influence on its physical and mechanical properties.This study presented a model for calculating the unfrozen water content of rock during freezing and thawing process,considering the influence of unfrozen water film and rock pore structure,which can reflect the hysteresis and super-cooling effects.The pore size distribution cu rves of red sandsto ne and its unfrozen water conte nt under different temperatures during...     

一种新的TOC含量拟合方法研究与应用

由于取样的限制,通常在烃源岩评价中往往只能获得十分有限的实测烃源岩的TOC含量数据。但随着我国多数盆地精细勘探的深入,需要更加精细的烃源岩评价,因此,人们对测井数据拟合烃源岩的TOC含量变化越来越重视。目前该技术最先进的是人工神经网络拟合方法,但多种神经网络在拟合高成熟度碳酸盐岩烃源岩地层的TOC含量时相关性均不够高。针对研究区内烃源岩的特点,尝试了一种用图版分类-模糊排队-BP神经网络联合拟合TOC含量的新方法。利用该方法对鄂尔多斯盆地马家沟组的测井资料和实测总有机碳资料进行数据处理,将结果与ΔlogR方法、模糊神经网络方法的结果相比较,证实该方法的结果与实测值有更好的相关性,为系统了解鄂尔多斯盆地下古生界烃源岩发育提供了一定的科学依据。     

Exploring the Effects of the Interaction of Carbon and MoS2 Catalyst on CO2 Hydrogenation to Methanol

Hydrogenation of CO₂ to form methanol utilizing green hydrogen is a promising route to realizing carbon neutrality. However, the development of catalyst with high activity and selectivity to methanol from the CO₂ hydrogenation is still a challenge due to the chemical inertness of CO₂ and its characteristics of multi-path conversion. Herein, a series of highly active carbon-confining molybdenum sulfide (MoS₂@C) catalysts were prepared by the in-situ pyrolysis method. In comparison with the bulk MoS₂ and MoS₂/C, the stronger interaction between MoS₂ and the carbon layer was clearly generated. Under the optimized reaction conditions, MoS₂@C showed better catalytic performance and long-term stability. The MoS₂@C catalyst could sustain around 32.4% conversion of CO₂ with 94.8% selectivity of MeOH for at least 150 h.     

油气“四定”测井评价方法探讨

测井解释成果是储层参数计算和油气评价的基础,为油田地质及开发研究提供重要数据依据。随着油气勘探及开发逐步转向"深、低、非、老",测井解释面临"低信噪比、低对比度、多因素",其解释方法不一、涉及的数学方法和计算步骤不同,在实际应用中存在优劣差异。基于此,提出"定性评价油气层位、定量评价油气含量、定域评价油气分布、定向评价油气通道",并从目标、手段、分析方法、输出结果等进行内涵阐述,梳理出"四定"的具体研究方法,该方法的深入应用,能够进一步拓展测井在油田全生命周期的作用,将为测井评价技术及其发展提供借鉴。     

Martensitic transformation of Ti50Ni30Cu20 alloy prepared by powder metallurgy

Phase transformation behavior of Ti50Ni30Cu20 shape memory alloys prepared by powder metallurgy is analyzed with respect to the duration of mechanical alloying. The processed blends were studied by differential scanning calorimetry and room temperature X-ray diffraction. The martensitic transformations evidenced by thermal scans are discussed in correlation with the relative phase content obtained from the refinement of the X-ray diffraction patterns.     

三油酸甘油酯与甲醇酯交换反应热力学分析

为了揭示酯交换反应的热力学特性,并为动力学研究和生物柴油的工业化生产提供基础数据,采用Benson基团贡献法和其他经验公式计算了三油酸甘油酯与甲醇之间发生的3步连续可逆酯交换反应的焓变、Gibbs自由能变及平衡常数的值,以及在303—338K各值随温度的变化关系。结果表明,在该温度范围内,反应焓接近于0,Gibbs自由能为正值,平衡常数接近于1。说明三油酸甘油酯与甲醇酯交换反应体系的反应热较小,温度对平衡的影响不大。     

Advances in estimation methods of vegetation water content based on optical remote sensing techniques

Quantitative estimation of vegetation water content(VWC) using optical remote sensing techniques is helpful in forest fire as-sessment,agricultural drought monitoring and crop yield estimation.This paper reviews the research advances of VWC retrieval using spectral reflectance,spectral water index and radiative transfer model(RTM) methods.It also evaluates the reli-ability of VWC estimation using spectral water index from the observation data and the RTM.Focusing on two main definitions of VWC—the fuel mois...     

High pressure organic colloid method for the preparation of high performance carbon nanotube-supported Pt and PtRu catalysts for fuel cell applications

Highly dispersed,high performance Pt and PtRu catalysts,supported on multiwalled carbon nanotubes(CNTs),were prepared by a high pressure organic colloid method.The particle sizes of the active components were as small as 1.2 nm for Pt and 1.1 nm for PtRu,and the active Pt surface areas were 295 and 395 m2/g,respectively.The catalysts showed very high activities toward the anodic oxidation of methanol,evaluated by cyclic voltammetry,being up to 4 times higher than that of commercial Johnson Matthey Hispec 20...     

汽水分离效果差的汽包炉炉水处理工况探讨

托电#1机严重积盐之后,在#2机组大修前的半年里将炉水的低磷酸盐处理工况改为AVT(O)工况,使得蒸汽携带至汽机的盐分大大减少,叶片上的积盐减少、剥离,所以#2机大修时的积盐量明显小于#1机;但#2机低压叶片和隔板的腐蚀比#1机严重,通过向炉水中加入适量氢氧化钠,提高蒸汽携带至汽机的盐分中碱性成分所占的比例,从而抑制了氯离子对汽机的腐蚀。