二氧化锰为阴极催化剂的微生物燃料电池

以循环伏安法(CV)和线性扫描伏安法(LSV)考察MnO2对氧还原反应(ORR)的催化行为,并采用MnO2作为阴极氧还原催化剂构建微生物燃料电池(MFC)。结果表明,MnO2对ORR有显著的催化作用,而且其催化效果随电解质碱性增强而增强;当以肺炎克雷伯氏菌(L17)为产电微生物、3g/L葡萄糖为燃料、1mol/LKOH溶液为阴极液时,该MFC的最大输出功率可达696.3mW/m2,对应电流密度为0.25mA/cm2。     

荷叶多糖的提取工艺研究

荷叶属睡莲科植物,是国家卫生部公布的药食同源物.目前对荷叶的研究多针对其中的黄酮、生物碱等物质,对其中多糖的研究甚少.采用热水浸提法提取荷叶水溶性多糖,选择浸提时间、温度、浸提固液比以及浸提次数作为单因素进行梯度实验,确定其条件范围,再通过进一步的正交实验得到荷叶水溶性多糖浸提工艺的优选因素组合:浸提时间2 h,温度75℃,固液比1∶30,浸提一次.     

4种亲水多糖对油炸调理鸡排品质的影响

亲水多糖常被用来改善即食类油炸产品的质量.针对油炸调理类产品含油量高的问题,通过向油炸调理鸡排外裹糊中添加黄原胶、海藻酸钠、羟丙基甲基纤维素和魔芋胶4种亲水多糖,探究亲水多糖对二次油炸调理鸡排品质(水分含量、油分含量、色泽、脆性、可冻结水含量及感官评价)的影响.结果 表明:与对照组相比,添加4种亲水多糖可以显著提升油炸...     

基于16S rRNA的徽派腊肉加工过程中微生物群落结构分析

为探究徽派腊肉加工过程中的微生物群落演替规律,采用高通量测序技术对不同加工阶段的徽派腊肉中微生物16S rRNA进行V3～V4区测序,比较不同加工阶段(鲜肉、腌制中期、腌制结束、成熟中期、成熟结束)腊肉中细菌群落结构组成及多样性差异.结果表明:5个加工阶段分别获得80155、80116、80174、80114、8017...     

同步污水处理/发电技术-微生物燃料电池的研究进展

同步污水处理／发电技术的微生物燃料电池是利用生物催化剂直接把化学能转化为电能,具有能量转化率高、污泥产率低、反应条件温和等优点。本文阐述了微生物燃料电池的工作原理,反应器的类型及结构,综述了其最新的研究进展,并对微生物燃料电池在污水处理领域的发展方向作了展望。     

A Guide to Polysaccharide-Based Hydrogel Bioinks for 3D Bioprinting Applications

Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting is an innovative technology in the biomedical field, allowing the fabrication of living constructs through an approach of layer-by-layer deposition of cell-laden inks, the so-called bioinks. An ideal bioink should possess proper mechanical, rheological, chemical, and biological characteristics to ensure high cell viability and the production of tissue constructs with dimensional stability and shape fidelity. Among the several types of bioinks, hydrogels are extremely appealing as they have many similarities with the extracellular matrix, providing a highly hydrated environment for cell proliferation and tunability in terms of mechanical and rheological properties. Hydrogels derived from natural polymers, and polysaccharides, in particular, are an excellent platform to mimic the extracellular matrix, given their low cytotoxicity, high hydrophilicity, and diversity of structures. In fact, polysaccharide-based hydrogels are trendy materials for 3D bioprinting since they are abundant and combine adequate physicochemical and biomimetic features for the development of novel bioinks. Thus, this review portrays the most relevant advances in polysaccharide-based hydrogel bioinks for 3D bioprinting, focusing on the last five years, with emphasis on their properties, advantages, and limitations, considering polysaccharide families classified according to their source, namely from seaweed, higher plants, microbial, and animal (particularly crustaceans) origin.     

木质纤维素制取燃料乙醇菌种的研究

目前,随着石油资源的日益枯竭,寻求一种廉价的、清洁的、可再生的新型能源成为各国能源领域科研人员的一项重要任务.乙醇作为一种工业燃料,具有许多优点,利用生物质制取燃料乙醇技术,越来越受到人们的广泛关注.文章报道了国内外近年来利用木质纤维素稀酸水解液制取燃料乙醇的菌种的研究现状,主要包括木质纤维素稀酸水解液乙醇发酵的酵母菌、细菌及基因重组菌的菌种构建等.     

文明寨油田微生物调驱矿场试验

针对文明寨油田高温高盐的特点,引进了一种耐温耐盐的FM复合微生物菌种。室内评价表明, 该菌种适应高温高盐油层,能有效改善原油性质,代谢产物主要为有机酸、醇、气体等。矿场开展调驱 试验12井次,注入井菌浓增加2个数量级,累计增油4269t,表明该菌种适应文明寨油藏条件。     

香辣里脊成品中微生物数量影响因素的探讨

从香辣里脊的原料生产加工工艺成品贮存方式对香辣里脊成品中微生物数量的影响进行了探讨.结果表明:香辣里脊原料的带菌量与成品的带菌量具有相关关系;生产加工工艺中的各参数对成品中微生物数量有很大影响,如蒸煮温度78～80℃,蒸煮时间65min时,成品品质最佳,且能达到商业无菌的要求;成品在冷藏条件下贮存比在常温下贮存效果更佳,且最佳贮存温度为0～7℃.     

Mass balance and kinetic analysis of anaerobic microbial dechlorination of pentachlorophenol in a continuous flow column

A mass balance and kinetic investigation of anaerobic dechlorination of pentachlorophenol (PCP) was undertaken using an enriched microbial consortium in a laboratory scale continuous flow column, as a model microbial permeable reactive barrier. The chlorine balance showed that 50 µM PCP was largely dechlorinated to phenol with the formation of a small quantity of 3-chlorophenol as an intermediate metabolite (hydraulic retention time 7.6 days), and the chlorine removal efficiency reached 36 µM d^-1. When the initial PCP concentration was increased to 100 µM the chlorine removal efficiency increased 1.5 times. However, the dechlorination activity disappeared after 7.4 pore volumes (58 days), demonstrating the susceptibility of the dechlorination culture to high concentrations of PCP. Lactate released hydrogen as an electron donor during PCP dechlorination, with acetate, propionate, CO₂ and CH₄ as byproducts. The carbon balance showed that some of the organic carbon source (PCP, lactate) in the influent was converted to gas and utilized for biomass growth in addition to organic metabolites. The kinetic study was conducted in a batch culture and yielded 1.99 mg l^-1 biomass growth per unit of chlorine consumption (µM). The Monod equation was well fitted to the specific growth rate of 1.38 d^-1 and a half saturation constant of 0.29 µM. The organic chlorine removal rate in the batch culture was consistent with the results in the flow column, indicating the feasibility of and potential for in situ estimation and prediction through batch culture studies.