Functionalized galactoglucomannan‐based hydrogels for the removal of metal cations from aqueous solutions

New types of hydrogels derived from O‐acetyl galactoglucomannan (AcGGM) hemicellulose have been synthesized and characterized. The objective of this work was to analyze the sorption capacity (S) of three types of hydrogels containing AcGGM derivatives incorporated into the carboxylic groups of the polymer chain in the AA hydrogel, sulfonic groups in the APA hydrogel, and amide groups in the acrylamide (Aam) hydrogel. These hydrogels are capable of interacting and removing ions such as cadmium [Cd(II)], copper [Cu(II)], lead [Pb(II)], nickel [Ni(II)], and zinc [Zn(II)]. The results show that AA and Aam hydrogels had a lower sorption capacity of ions compared to the APA hydrogel, which had a high sorption capacity. The maximal sorption capacity was determined by the successive enrichment method, obtaining Pb(II) amount of 48.3 mg/g of AA hydrogel, 65.8 mg/g of APA hydrogel, and 40.8 mg/g of Aam hydrogel. Hence, Pb(II) ions are greatly retained by the three hydrogels. These results are promising for the development of new materials with potential applications in metal ion removal. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016 , 133, 44093.     

Acrylic bone cements modified with poly(ethylene glycol)‐based biocompatible phase‐change materials

The high polymerization temperature of acrylic bone cements used in hip replacement implantation may cause thermal necrosis of surrounding tissues. In order to reduce the polymerization temperature, acrylic bone cement has been modified with a biocompatible polymeric phase‐change material (PCM) based on poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) of different molecular weights and stabilized with potato starch. Structural and morphological studies were performed, and the thermal and mechanical properties were investigated. The incorporation of PEG‐based PCM led to a decrease in the polymerization temperature of bone cement from 70 °C for unmodified cement to 58 °C for modified cement. Modified cement materials were stable in incubation tests, although acoustic analysis data revealed a decrease in propagation speed after incubation, which indicates formation of material defects (pores, cracks, voids, etc.) due to water activity. However, in the regeneration process, these defects can be filled by freshly grown bone tissue leading to better incorporation of bone cement replacements into tissue. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016 , 133, 43898.     

Mn(Ⅱ)对好氧颗粒污泥微生物活性的影响

针对城市污水中重金属离子短期超标影响污水生物处理系统正常运行的问题,采用好氧颗粒污泥SBR反应器,研究了不同浓度Mn(Ⅱ)短期冲击下对好氧颗粒污泥污染物去除性能、外观结构和微生物活性的影响。试验结果表明,好氧颗粒污泥受不同浓度Mn(Ⅱ)10 d的冲击后,COD去除率受Mn(Ⅱ)影响较小,Mn(Ⅱ)会轻微促进AGS对TN的去除。Mn(Ⅱ)分别为0.5、1.0、3.0 mg/L可提高好氧颗粒污泥的活性,在相应浓度的冲击下SOUR分别提高16.0%、108.5%、51.8%,TTC-ETS分别提高了7.7%、112.4%、45.7%。5.0 mg/L Mn(Ⅱ)对SOUR和TTC-ETS的抑制率分别为13.8%和33.5%。     

3-羟基丙酸的绿色合成法

3-羟基丙酸是一种重要的化工产品,既可以作为精细化工中间体,也可以合成高聚物。综述采用微生物发酵法和化学转化法制备3-羟基丙酸的研究进展,着重介绍化学转化法,通过比较认为化学转化法更具竞争力,具有广阔的发展前景。     

反硝化除磷+短程反硝化厌氧氨氧化工艺的深度脱氮除磷效能

为经济高效地去除城市生活污水和硝酸盐废水中的氮磷元素,本研究在厌氧折流板反应器（ABR）和连续搅拌反应器（CSTR）一体式反应器中分别建立了反硝化除磷（DPR）和短程反硝化厌氧氨氧化（PDA）工艺。结果表明,反应器运行185天,在缺氧/厌氧和外加COD/NO{}_{\mathrm{3}}^{-}-N比仅为0.7条件下,PO{}_{\mathrm{4}}^{\mathrm{3}-}-P和TN的去除率高达96.91%和97.75%,最终出水PO{}_{\mathrm{4}}^{\mathrm{3}-}-P和TN的浓度低至0.22mg/L和3.30mg/L,意味着该系统极佳的脱氮除磷效果不依赖氧气和有机碳源量。DPR对系统PO{}_{\mathrm{4}}^{\mathrm{3}-}-P和TN的去除均占主体部分（99.07%和60.23%）,而PDA对总氮（TN）的去除占比呈现逐渐上升的趋势（4.53%→37.52%）。批次实验表明：①COD（300mg/L）显著抑制DPR菌活性,PO{}_{\mathrm{4}}^{\mathrm{3}-}-P主要是在缺氧状态下以NO{}_{\mathrm{3}}^{-}-N为电子受体,有机物为电子供体通过DPR途径去除;②高效短程反硝化过程（亚硝酸转化率92.25%）稳定为厌氧氨氧化供给电子受体（NO{}_{\mathrm{2}}^{-}-N）,DPR系统剩余NH{}_{\mathrm{4}}^{+}-N主要被NO{}_{\mathrm{2}}^{-}-N氧化去除,因此DPR+PDA系统实现了高效同步脱氮除磷效果。高通量测序表明,Accumulibacter（7.41%）是DPR系统功能性除磷菌,Thauera（7.24%）和Candidatus Brocadia（3.12%）为PDA系统关键脱氮菌。     

铁皮石斛多糖抗癌及免疫活性研究

研究了铁皮石斛多糖的抗癌及免疫活性。水提醇沉法提取铁皮石斛多糖,将其作用于癌细胞株(HepG2、A549、F9、NCCIT)和小鼠脾脏细胞、腹腔巨噬细胞,观察细胞形态变化,并用MTT法分析其对细胞增殖的作用。结果表明:铁皮石斛多糖能抑制癌细胞的增殖并促进脾脏细胞生长,铁皮石斛多糖具有一定的抗癌活性及免疫活性。     

微生物絮凝剂的研究现状及前景展望

当今水体污染问题日益突出,微生物絮凝剂作为一种无毒、无二次污染的水处理剂而被广泛关注。有许多学者将微生物絮凝剂应用于污水处理,并做了相关报道。本文首先对微生物絮凝剂进行分类,并对其组分、絮凝机理和应用情况进行了研究,最后对微生物絮凝剂的应用前景进行了展望。     

微波辐射法在多糖接枝共聚中的应用

多糖是一种可用于合成高性能高分子材料的天然可再生资源,在自然界中蕴藏丰富。天然多糖接枝合成聚合物是制备多糖基材料的一种简便通用的方法。对目前天然多糖研究中存在的问题,接枝共聚的概念和目的,微波辐射法原理进行了介绍。同时对微波辐射法在壳聚糖、藻酸钠、纤维素、淀粉、黄原胶、瓜尔胶等多糖分子接枝中的实际应用进行了综述。     

土壤调理剂及复合微生物菌剂防治烟草青枯病盆栽试验

通过盆栽试验研究了土壤调理剂及复合微生物菌剂对防治烟草青枯病的效果,并与PPF促生真菌试验效果进行了对比。试验结果表明,复合微生物菌剂和土壤调理剂对烟草青枯病均有较好的防治效果,其中复合微生物菌剂在促进烟株生长和防治烟草青枯病方面表现更好。     

Application of microbial enhanced oil recovery technology in water‐based bitumen extraction from weathered oil sands

When using the water‐based extraction processes (WBEPs) to recover bitumen from the weathered oil sands, very low bitumen recovery arisen from the poor liberation of bitumen from sand grains is always obtained. Application of microbial enhanced oil recovery (MEOR) technology in WBEPs to solve the poor processability of the weathered ore was proposed. It was found that processability of the microbial‐treated weathered ore was greatly improved. The improved processability was attributed to the biosurfactants production in the culture solution, alteration of the solids wettability, degradation of the asphaltene component, and the decrease of the bitumen viscosity, which collectively contributed to the bitumen liberation from the surface of sand grains. Although it still has many issues to be solved for an industrial application of the MEOR technology in oil sands separation, it is believed that the findings in this work promote the solution to the poor processability of the weathered ore. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 60: 2985–2993, 2014