交互与生成——以欧美大学校园为鉴谈中国东北地区大学校园形态演变趋势

本文以中国东北地区大学校园建设现状为基点,对比欧美大学校园形态及内在秩序,从中心、边界和区块三个层面分析了校园形态不断与周边环境交互和生成的演变趋势：大学校园正在从标准化形态建设的求同、求真时代,转向提高环境品质与积累底蕴、促进校园与城市的互动发展、塑造更近人和具有归属感的校园氛围的求我、存异的新时代。     

基于多光谱成像技术的宣纸形态学特征分析

国画艺术品的科技取证与鉴别受到各领域的关注。宣纸作为国画的重要载体,其特征提取和分析方法有较高的研究意义。本文使用多光谱成像技术对宣纸进行形态学特征分析。实验采用多光谱成像系统获取宣纸在不同波长通道下的光谱图片,继而采用纹理参数统计对光谱图像进行测量,获得宣纸特征的敏感波段;采用数学形态学和灰度统计原理建立宣纸形态学特征分析模型,得到一维特征向量。为了评价特征向量的准确度,实验将特征向量输入到支持向量机（SVM）分类器进行检测分类。结果表明,宣纸的差异化特征在550nrn波段下最为明显;由模型输出的特征向量分类正确率为96％。本文提出的宣纸分析模型能够将大部分种类的宣纸特征准确提取,并具有一定的高效性。     

Antifatigue properties of dragonfly Pantala flavescens wings

The wing of a dragonfly is thin and light, but can bear high frequent alternating stress and present excellent antifatigue properties. The surface morphology and microstructure of the wings of dragonfly Pantala flavescens were observed using SEM in this study. Based on the biological analysis method, the configuration, morphology, and structure of the vein were studied, and the antifatigue properties of the wings were investigated. The analytical results indicated that the longitudinal veins, cross veins, and membrane of dragonfly wing form a optimized network morphology and spacially truss‐like structure which can restrain the formation and propagation of the fatigue cracks. The veins with multilayer structure present high strength, flexibility, and toughness, which are beneficial to bear alternating load during the flight of dragonfly. Through tensile‐tensile fatigue failure tests, the results were verified and indicate that the wings of dragonfly P. flavescens have excellent antifatigue properties which are the results of the biological coupling and synergistic effect of morphological and structural factors. Microsc. Res. Tech. 77:356–362, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

数学形态学滤波器在转子失衡识别中的应用

针对转子运行过程的动态信号中噪声干扰严重、转子失衡识别精度低的问题,利用数学形态学滤波器能够有效滤除噪声干扰、提高信号信噪比的特点,采用数学形态学滤波器和傅里叶变换相结合的方法对转子振动信号进行降噪处理,并对转子工作状态下的工频幅值、相位进行准确提取,运用加、减质量配重可以改变转子失衡状态的特性,利用影响系数法对转子失衡进行识别计算。实验结果表明,本方法在转子失衡识别中能够有效滤除多种噪声干扰,提高转子失衡识别精度。     

Comparative evaluations of machining performance during turning of 17-4 PH stainless steel under cryogenic and wet machining conditions

Productivity in machining of 17-4 PH stainless steel is adversely affected by the premature failure of tool and poor surface finish as a consequence of high cutting temperatures. Conventional cutting fluids not only create environmental and health problems but also fail to overcome the high cutting temperatures during machining. Cryogenic cooling is an environmentally clean cooling technology for attractive management of machining zone temperatures. The present study investigates the effect of cryogenic liquid nitrogen (LN₂ at ?196°C) on cutting temperatures, cutting forces (main cutting force, feed force), surface roughness, tool flank wear and chip morphology in turning of 17-4 PH stainless steel with AlTiN PVD-coated tungsten-coated carbide inserts and results were compared to wet machining. In overall, cryogenic machining reduces the cutting temperature, cutting forces, surface roughness and tool flank wear to a maximum of 73.4, 17.62, 44.29 and 55.55%, respectively. Improved chip breakability was found in cryogenic machining.     

飞秒激光进给速度对TiC陶瓷微孔加工的影响

采用螺旋打孔技术,在不同的激光进给速度下在TiC陶瓷上加工了微孔。用扫描电子显微镜分析了微孔形貌,利用能量色散谱仪研究了激光加工前后材料化学成分的变化,并结合X射线光电子能谱术(XPS)讨论了材料化学键的变化,探讨了利用飞秒激光加工TiC陶瓷过程中材料的去除机理。结果表明:所得到的微孔具有较好的形貌特征,孔边缘没有出现明显的微裂纹。微孔入口圆度达98%以上,入口直径略小于出口直径。激光进给速度对入口处孔边缘的微观形貌影响较大。进给速度较低时,激光切蚀区域出现平行的条纹状周期结构,随着进给速度的增加,表面以混沌的颗粒状结构为主。在较低或较高的进给速度下,重铸层都会出现更为剧烈的氧化现象,实验显示最佳的进给速率应在6.4μm/s左右。XPS分析显示材料的去除主要是通过多光子吸收,在加工过程中发生Ti-C键的断裂产生的Ti离子被氧化后会生成TiO2和Ti2O3。     

雷达功率组件的金刚石微通道热沉激光加工工艺

为研究雷达功率组件金刚石微通道热沉的加工难题,开展了飞秒激光加工多晶金刚石微流道的工艺研究,仿真模拟了飞秒激光作用于金刚石表面的温度场分布,以及诱导去除过程,理论与实验研究了金刚石的烧蚀阈值,系统研究了激光能量、扫描速度、扫描次数、焦点位置等参量及其优化工艺参数对金刚石微槽尺寸的影响规律.结果表明:当飞秒激光功率大于0...     

基于二进小波和抗噪形态学的烟雾边缘检测算法

针对枪口烟雾图像的不规则性以及烟雾扩散速度快等特点,传统的边缘检测算法无法高效地提取烟雾边缘轮廓的问题,对烟雾图像采集技术、烟雾图像预处理技术以及烟雾图像边缘检测技术进行了研究,提出了一种改进的二进小波和抗噪形态学融合的边缘检测算法.首先,在 B 样条二进小波基础上,将二进小波消失矩的阶数提高到四阶;其次,选取方向不同的结构元素,得出改进的形态学算子;最后,用小波逆变换重新构造枪口烟雾图像,对其进行锐化处理,输出边缘信息.仿真结果表明,该算法检测出来的枪口烟雾图像边缘定位准确且清晰完整,能有效抑制噪声,在客观方面优于传统的边缘检测算法.     

玄武岩特征及熔融析晶性能研究

玄武岩纤维作为一种理想的高温烟气过滤材料,确定适宜产地的玄武岩以制备玄武岩纤维显得尤为重要.采用XRF、POM、XRD及TG-DSC方法,对取自黑龙江鸡西玄武岩样品的化学组成、表面形态及熔融析晶特性进行分析研究,为玄武岩纤维的制备提供理论依据.结果表明,其主要矿物成分为拉长石一钙长石,并含有部分辉石、橄榄石及蒙脱石.玄武岩样品的酸度系数为6.0;样品的熔融温度1 332℃、析晶温度1 262℃、纤维制备控制温度约为1 340℃.